Η γιατρός είπε να βάζω σταγόνες δύο φορές τη μέρα και να αλλάζω τη γάζα όταν βραχεί.

Not necessarily. Γιατρός is a very common noun that can refer to either a male or a female doctor. The gender is shown by the article:

• ο γιατρός = the male doctor
• η γιατρός = the female doctor

So in this sentence, η tells you the doctor is female. This is normal in Greek with some professions.

In this kind of sentence, είπε να means something like said to / told me to / said that I should.

So:

• Η γιατρός είπε... = The doctor said...
• Η γιατρός είπε να βάζω... = The doctor said/told me to put/apply...

Greek often uses λέω / είπε + να + verb where English would often use tell someone to + verb or say that someone should + verb.

Modern Greek does not use the infinitive the way English does. Instead, it usually uses:

• να + verb form

So where English says:

• to put
• to change

Greek says:

• να βάζω
• να αλλάζω

This is one of the most important differences between English and Greek sentence structure.

Because the verb endings show the person.

• βάζω = I put / I apply
• αλλάζω = I change

So είπε να βάζω... και να αλλάζω... means the doctor told me to do those actions.

Greek usually does not need a separate subject pronoun like εγώ because the verb ending already tells you who the subject is.

This is about aspect.

• βάζω, αλλάζω = imperfective aspect
• βάλω, αλλάξω = perfective aspect

The imperfective is used here because the actions are repeated / habitual:

• apply drops twice a day
• change the gauze whenever it gets wet

So the sentence is talking about repeated instructions, not one single completed action. That is why να βάζω and να αλλάζω sound natural here.

Σταγόνες is plural because the medicine is being described as drops.

There is no article because Greek often leaves out the article with an indefinite plural object, especially in instructions like this. So:

• να βάζω σταγόνες = to apply/use drops

If you wanted to refer to some specific known drops, Greek could use an article:

• να βάζω τις σταγόνες

But here the article is not necessary.

This means two times a day or twice a day.

Breakdown:

• δύο φορές = two times
• τη μέρα = the day / per day

In this expression, τη μέρα works like a time expression meaning a day / per day.

This kind of accusative time expression is very common in Greek:

• τρεις φορές τη βδομάδα = three times a week
• μία φορά το μήνα = once a month

Both are related to the same article: την.

In Modern Greek, the final -ν is often dropped in speech and writing before certain consonants, so:

• την μέρα → τη μέρα

This is very common and natural. So τη μέρα is just the usual shortened form.

Because it refers to a specific gauze/dressing: the one the doctor is talking about, probably the one already on the wound.

So:

• να αλλάζω τη γάζα = to change the gauze/dressing

This sounds more definite than να αλλάζω γάζα, which would be less natural here.

Βραχεί is a perfective non-past form, used here after όταν to mean when it gets wet.

So:

• όταν βραχεί = when it gets wet

This is very common in Greek after words like όταν when talking about a future or repeated event. English uses a normal present in when it gets wet, but Greek often uses this kind of perfective form.

It refers to the moment the gauze becomes wet.

Because the sentence means when it becomes wet, not while it is being wet / whenever it is in the state of being wet.

• βραχεί focuses on the event of getting wet
• βρέχεται would describe an ongoing process or repeated general situation in a different way

Here the doctor’s instruction is: change the gauze at the point when it gets wet. So όταν βραχεί is the natural choice.

Greek word order is fairly flexible, but this version is natural and clear.

For example, some parts could move around:

• Η γιατρός είπε να βάζω δύο φορές τη μέρα σταγόνες...
• Η γιατρός είπε να αλλάζω τη γάζα όταν βραχεί...

However, the original order sounds very normal. Greek often moves things for emphasis, rhythm, or style, but the basic meaning stays the same as long as the grammar is clear.