Η γιατρός μου έδωσε παυσίπονο, γιατί το γόνατό μου πονάει ακόμα.

Literally, Η γιατρός μου is the doctor my, but natural English is my doctor.

Greek very often expresses possession with:

• article + noun + weak pronoun

So:

• η γιατρός μου = my doctor
• το σπίτι μου = my house
• ο φίλος μου = my friend

Here μου is the unstressed possessive form meaning my.

Because γιατρός is a profession noun that can be used for both genders.

• ο γιατρός = the male doctor
• η γιατρός = the female doctor

So the article tells you the gender here. Even though -ος is often masculine, it is not always masculine.

Good question. In the sentence as written, the recipient is not stated explicitly.

So:

• Η γιατρός μου έδωσε παυσίπονο literally means My doctor gave a painkiller / gave pain medication

If you want to say gave me, Greek would normally add μου before the verb or very near it:

• Η γιατρός μου μου έδωσε ένα παυσίπονο = My doctor gave me a painkiller

In real conversation, Greek can leave out the to me part if it is obvious from context.

Because Greek does not always need the indefinite article ένα / μια / ένας in the same places English uses a / an.

So:

• έδωσε παυσίπονο can mean gave a painkiller or gave pain medication
• έδωσε ένα παυσίπονο is more explicitly gave one painkiller / a painkiller

Without ένα, the sentence sounds a little more general or less focused on the exact number.

έδωσε is the 3rd person singular aorist of δίνω (to give).

So:

• δίνω = I give / I am giving
• έδωσε = he/she/it gave

The aorist here shows a completed past action, so English translates it as gave.

Because Greek normally keeps the definite article with nouns, even when there is a possessive.

So the normal pattern is:

• το γόνατό μου = my knee
• το χέρι μου = my hand
• το κεφάλι μου = my head

This is very common in Greek. English says my knee, but Greek usually says the equivalent of the knee my.

Also, γόνατο is a neuter noun, so its article is το.

The dictionary form is γόνατο.

When a word stressed on the antepenultimate syllable is followed by an unstressed clitic like μου, Greek adds an extra written accent:

• γόνατο
• γόνατό μου

This happens because the clitic attaches closely to the word in pronunciation. It is an accent rule, not a change in meaning.

παυσίπονο means painkiller or pain relief medicine.

It is a neuter noun:

• το παυσίπονο = the painkiller

It can refer to:

• a pill or tablet
• pain medication in a general sense

So in context, έδωσε παυσίπονο can mean either gave a painkiller or gave some pain relief medicine.

Yes. Both are common.

The verb is πονάω / πονώ = to hurt, to ache.

For he/she/it hurts, you can hear:

• πονάει
• πονά

Both are standard in Modern Greek. In this sentence:

• το γόνατό μου πονάει ακόμα = my knee still hurts

The present tense is used because the pain is continuing now.

Here ακόμα means still.

So:

• πονάει ακόμα = still hurts

Depending on context, ακόμα can also mean yet or even. A very close alternative is ακόμη, which means the same thing.

Here it means because.

Modern Greek uses γιατί for both:

• because
• why

Context tells you which meaning is intended.

Examples:

• Η γιατρός μου έδωσε παυσίπονο, γιατί το γόνατό μου πονάει ακόμα.
  = ...because my knee still hurts.

• Γιατί πονάει το γόνατό σου;
  = Why does your knee hurt?

A statement with an explanatory clause usually gives the because meaning.

Because Greek often uses a comma before a clause introduced by γιατί when it gives a reason or explanation.

So the comma here is normal:

• main clause: Η γιατρός μου έδωσε παυσίπονο
• reason clause: γιατί το γόνατό μου πονάει ακόμα

Greek punctuation often marks this boundary more clearly than English does.

No, Greek word order is more flexible than English word order.

This sentence is a natural, neutral order:

• Η γιατρός μου έδωσε παυσίπονο, γιατί το γόνατό μου πονάει ακόμα.

But Greek can move things around for emphasis, style, or rhythm. For example:

• Το γόνατό μου πονάει ακόμα, γι’ αυτό η γιατρός μου έδωσε παυσίπονο.
• Ακόμα πονάει το γόνατό μου.

Greek relies a lot on articles, endings, and context, so it does not depend on word order as heavily as English does.