Η αδερφή μου έβαλε ψωμί στη φρυγανιέρα και εγώ έβαλα μαρμελάδα στη φρυγανιά.

They are two forms of the same verb, βάζω = to put.

• έβαλε = he/she/it put
• έβαλα = I put

So:

• Η αδερφή μου έβαλε... = My sister put...
• εγώ έβαλα... = I put...

This is a very common Greek pattern: the verb ending changes to show the subject.

That έ- is the past-tense augment, which often appears in the past indicative in Modern Greek.

So the past form of βάζω is not βάζα... here, but the aorist form:

• βάζω = I put / I am putting
• έβαλα = I put

This verb is a little irregular, so learners usually just memorize:

• βάζω → έβαλα

In this sentence, the aorist is used because it describes completed actions.

Yes, Greek could often leave out εγώ, because the verb form έβαλα already tells you the subject is I.

But εγώ is included here for contrast:

• Η αδερφή μου... και εγώ...
• My sister... and I...

So it sounds like:

• My sister did one thing, and I did another

This is very natural in Greek. The pronoun is not necessary for grammar, but it adds emphasis or contrast.

στη is the contraction of σε + τη(ν).

So:

• σε τη(ν) → στη(ν)

In this sentence:

• στη φρυγανιέρα = in / into the toaster
• στη φρυγανιά = on / onto the toast/rusk

A very important point for English speakers: Greek σε covers several meanings that English often separates into in, into, on, onto, at, etc. The exact English translation depends on context.

With βάζω + σε, Greek often means put something in/on something.

Because the full form is στην, but in standard spelling the final -ν is often dropped before certain consonants. Since both φρυγανιέρα and φρυγανιά begin with φ, you normally get:

• στη φρυγανιέρα
• στη φρυγανιά

So this is just a normal spelling rule. You may still hear some speakers pronounce the -ν, but the written forms here are completely standard.

They are two different words:

• φρυγανιέρα = toaster
• φρυγανιά = toast / rusk

So:

• ψωμί στη φρυγανιέρα = bread into the toaster
• μαρμελάδα στη φρυγανιά = jam on the toast/rusk

This is a good pair to learn because the words look related, but one is the appliance and the other is the food.

Because Greek, like English, often uses mass nouns without an article when speaking in a general or indefinite way.

So:

• έβαλε ψωμί = put bread
• έβαλα μαρμελάδα = put jam

This does not mean all bread or all jam. It just means some bread / some jam, in a natural way.

If the speaker wanted to be more specific, Greek could add an article or another determiner, depending on the context.

Greek normally uses the definite article with possessive expressions like this.

So Greek says:

• η αδερφή μου = literally the sister my

This is the normal way to say my sister.

English speakers often want to drop the article, but in Greek the article is usually required with family members and many other possessed nouns.

Yes, αδερφή is a normal modern spelling, especially in everyday language.

You may also see:

• αδελφή

Both refer to sister, but:

• αδερφή is very common in everyday Modern Greek
• αδελφή can feel a bit more formal or conservative in some contexts

So the sentence sounds natural and modern as written.

Sometimes yes, because Greek can omit repeated material when the meaning is obvious. But in this sentence, repeating the verb is very natural and clear:

• Η αδερφή μου έβαλε... και εγώ έβαλα...

That repetition helps the contrast between the two actions. It sounds complete and smooth.

So while omission can happen in conversation, the full version here is perfectly normal Greek.

Both are possible.

• και is the full form
• κι is the shortened form, often used before a vowel

Since εγώ starts with a vowel, many speakers would also say:

• κι εγώ

So:

• και εγώ
• κι εγώ

are both natural. The sentence uses the full form και, which is completely correct.

Not completely. Greek word order is more flexible than English word order.

This sentence uses a very natural, clear order:

• Η αδερφή μου έβαλε ψωμί στη φρυγανιέρα
• και εγώ έβαλα μαρμελάδα στη φρυγανιά

But Greek can move words around for emphasis. For example, putting εγώ in a prominent position highlights the contrast with η αδερφή μου.

So the order here is normal, but not the only grammatically possible one.