Η φίλη μου παίρνει ένα αχλάδι και ένα ροδάκινο για τη δουλειά.

Η is the definite article for a feminine singular noun in the nominative case, like the in English.

Here it goes with φίλη, so Η φίλη μου means my friend in the sense of the friend of mine.

A few useful article matches from this sentence:

• η φίλη = the friend (feminine)
• ένα αχλάδι = a pear (neuter)
• ένα ροδάκινο = a peach (neuter)
• τη δουλειά = the work / the job (feminine, accusative)

In normal Modern Greek, the unstressed possessive pronoun μου usually comes after the noun:

• η φίλη μου = my friend
• το βιβλίο μου = my book
• η δουλειά μου = my work / my job

So φίλη μου is the standard, natural order.

If you want extra emphasis, Greek often uses δικός / δική / δικό:

• η δική μου φίλη = my friend with stronger emphasis, like my own friend or that friend of mine

Παίρνει is the 3rd person singular present tense of παίρνω.

So it means:

• he/she/it takes
• depending on context, also is taking, gets, or picks up

Here it agrees with η φίλη μου, so it means she takes or she is taking.

A quick mini-pattern:

• παίρνω = I take
• παίρνεις = you take
• παίρνει = he/she/it takes
• παίρνουμε = we take
• παίρνετε = you take
• παίρνουν / παίρνουνε = they take

It can mean either one, depending on context.

In Modern Greek, the simple present form often covers both:

• she takes
• she is taking

So this sentence could describe:

• a general habit
• something happening right now

You would normally tell from the situation, not from a different verb form.

Ένα is the indefinite article for neuter singular nouns, meaning a or one.

Both αχλάδι and ροδάκινο are neuter singular nouns, so each one takes ένα:

• ένα αχλάδι = a pear
• ένα ροδάκινο = a peach

Repeating the article before each noun is very natural in Greek when listing separate items.

They are in the accusative case because they are the direct objects of παίρνει.

She is taking what?

• ένα αχλάδι
• ένα ροδάκινο

So those nouns are direct objects.

A helpful thing to notice: with many neuter singular nouns in Modern Greek, the nominative and accusative look the same. So even though they are accusative here, their form does not change.

Because για and σε / στη do different jobs.

• για τη δουλειά = for work, for the job, or to take to work
  This expresses purpose or intended use.
• στη δουλειά = to work or at work
  This expresses location or direction.

So in this sentence, για τη δουλειά means something like:

• she is taking them for work
• she is taking them to have at work
• she is taking them to work with her

The full feminine accusative article is την, but in Modern Greek the final -ν is often dropped before certain consonants.

So before δουλειά, it is normally:

• τη δουλειά

This is the standard everyday form.

You may still see την in some writing or speech patterns, but τη δουλειά is the usual form here.

They are:

• η φίλη — feminine
• το αχλάδι — neuter
• το ροδάκινο — neuter
• η δουλειά — feminine

You can often see the gender from the article:

• η = usually feminine singular
• το / ένα = usually neuter singular

The noun endings also help sometimes:

• -η in φίλη is often feminine
• -ι in αχλάδι is often neuter
• -ο in ροδάκινο is often neuter
• -ά in δουλειά is feminine

But noun endings are only patterns, not absolute rules, so learning nouns together with their article is the safest method.

Greek word order is more flexible than English word order.

The sentence as given uses a very common neutral order:

• Η φίλη μου παίρνει ένα αχλάδι και ένα ροδάκινο για τη δουλειά.

But Greek can move parts around for emphasis, topic, or style. For example:

• Για τη δουλειά, η φίλη μου παίρνει ένα αχλάδι και ένα ροδάκινο.
• Ένα αχλάδι και ένα ροδάκινο παίρνει η φίλη μου για τη δουλειά.

These versions keep basically the same core meaning, but the emphasis shifts.

The word και simply means and, just like in English:

• ένα αχλάδι και ένα ροδάκινο = a pear and a peach

Each noun keeps its own normal singular form because each item is being named individually. Greek does not need any extra marker after και for this kind of coordination.

They are important because they show which syllable is stressed.

For example:

• φίλη
• παίρνει
• αχλάδι
• ροδάκινο
• δουλειά

In Modern Greek, stress is part of the word’s standard spelling and pronunciation. If you ignore accents, people may still understand you sometimes, but they are important for speaking and writing correctly.

It can mean either, depending on context.

δουλειά is a very common word that can mean:

• work
• job
• sometimes task or business

In για τη δουλειά, the most natural English rendering is often for work.