Κάθε κανόνας στη γραμματική έχει πάντα μία μικρή εξαίρεση.

Breakdown of Κάθε κανόνας στη γραμματική έχει πάντα μία μικρή εξαίρεση.

έχω
to have
πάντα
always
μικρός
small
σε
in
μία
one
κάθε
every
ο κανόνας
the rule
η γραμματική
the grammar
η εξαίρεση
the exception
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Questions & Answers about Κάθε κανόνας στη γραμματική έχει πάντα μία μικρή εξαίρεση.

What does κάθε mean here? Does it mean “each” or “every,” and why is κανόνας singular?

Κάθε can mean both “each” and “every” in English, depending on context.

  • κάθε κανόνας = each rule / every rule
  • It is always followed by a singular noun, so you say κάθε κανόνας, not κάθε κανόνες.

Grammatically, κάθε κανόνας is singular, so the verb is also singular (έχει). Even though in English we might think of “all rules,” in Greek it is expressed as a series of individual rules: each rule has…

Why is there no article before κάθε κανόνας? Could we say ο κάθε κανόνας?

With κάθε, you normally do not use the definite article:

  • κάθε κανόνας = each/every rule (neutral, general statement)

You can say ο κάθε κανόνας, but it adds a nuance:

  • ο κάθε κανόνας tends to sound more emphatic or slightly evaluative
    (often like “any given rule” / “each and every rule,” sometimes with a faint tone of criticism or emphasis).

In a neutral proverb-like sentence, κάθε κανόνας is the standard, natural form.

What exactly is στη? Is it one word or two?

στη is a contraction of:

  • σε (preposition: in, at, to)
  • τη(ν) (feminine singular definite article in the accusative)

So:

  • σε + τη (γραμματική)στη γραμματική = in grammar / in the grammar

In modern Greek, these combinations are usually written together as one word:

  • στο (= σε + το), στον (= σε + τον), στη/στην (= σε + τη(ν)), στις (= σε + τις), etc.
Why is it στη and not στην before γραμματική?

Historically it is στην (σε + την). In modern Greek, the final of την / στην is:

  • Kept before vowels and some consonants (κ, π, τ, ξ, ψ, μπ, ντ, γκ, τσ, τζ)
  • Often dropped before most other consonants

γραμματική starts with γρ-, so the usual spoken and written form is:

  • στη γραμματική, not στην γραμματική

Both forms are understandable, but στη γραμματική is the standard here.

What case is γραμματική in, and why?

γραμματική is in the accusative singular feminine:

  • Article: τη(ν) → here contracted in στη (σε + τη(ν))
  • Noun: γραμματική (nominative and accusative have the same form in this type of feminine noun)

Prepositions in Greek, like σε, almost always take the accusative.
So στη γραμματική literally means in the grammar and is an accusive prepositional phrase modifying κανόνας (a rule in grammar).

How does the word order work in this sentence? Can we move στη γραμματική or πάντα?

The basic structure is:

  • Κάθε κανόνας (subject) στη γραμματική (prepositional phrase) έχει (verb) πάντα (adverb) μία μικρή εξαίρεση (object).

Greek word order is flexible, especially with adverbs and prepositional phrases. You could say, for example:

  • Κάθε κανόνας στη γραμματική πάντα έχει μία μικρή εξαίρεση.
  • Στη γραμματική, κάθε κανόνας έχει πάντα μία μικρή εξαίρεση.
  • Κάθε κανόνας στη γραμματική έχει μία μικρή εξαίρεση πάντα. (less common, but possible in speech for emphasis)

The meaning stays the same; the different orders slightly shift which part you emphasize.

What form of the verb is έχει, and how does it agree with κανόνας?

έχει is the 3rd person singular, present tense, active form of έχω (to have).

Conjugation of έχω (present) is:

  • εγώ έχω – I have
  • εσύ έχεις – you have
  • αυτός/αυτή/αυτό έχει – he/she/it has
  • εμείς έχουμε – we have
  • εσείς έχετε – you (pl./formal) have
  • αυτοί/αυτές/αυτά έχουν(ε) – they have

Subject: κάθε κανόνας (singular)
→ Verb: έχει (singular)

What does πάντα mean, and where can it appear in the sentence?

πάντα means “always.”

In this sentence, it’s placed after the verb:

  • έχει πάντα = always has

It can also appear:

  • πάντα έχει μία μικρή εξαίρεση.
  • έχει πάντα μία μικρή εξαίρεση.
  • έχει μία μικρή εξαίρεση πάντα. (this last position is more marked/emphatic)

A near-synonym is πάντοτε (always), slightly more formal or literary:

  • Κάθε κανόνας στη γραμματική έχει πάντοτε μία μικρή εξαίρεση.
What is the difference between μία and μια?

Both μία and μια are forms of the indefinite article, feminine singular: a / one.

  • μία: more explicitly “one”, or more careful/formal spelling
  • μια: the more common everyday written and spoken form

In this sentence, either is fine:

  • μία μικρή εξαίρεση
  • μια μικρή εξαίρεση

Meaning: a small exception. There is no change in meaning here; it’s mainly stylistic/orthographic.

Why is μικρή in the feminine form, and how does adjective agreement work here?

μικρή is the feminine singular nominative form of the adjective μικρός (small).

Adjectives in Greek agree with the noun in:

  • Gender (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  • Number (singular/plural)
  • Case (nominative/accusative etc., though here the form happens to match nominative)

εξαίρεση is a feminine noun, singular, accusative. So:

  • Feminine singular form of the adjective: μικρή
  • Feminine singular noun: εξαίρεση

Thus: μία μικρή εξαίρεση = a small exception.
You cannot say μικρός εξαίρεση or μικρό εξαίρεση, because those are masculine/neuter forms.

What gender is εξαίρεση, and what is its plural?

εξαίρεση is feminine.

  • Singular: η εξαίρεσηthe exception
  • Plural: οι εξαιρέσειςthe exceptions

In this sentence we have:

  • μία μικρή εξαίρεσηa small exception (indefinite, singular)
Could we omit μία or πάντα? How would that change the meaning?
  1. Omitting μία:
  • Κάθε κανόνας στη γραμματική έχει μικρή εξαίρεση.

This is grammatically possible but sounds a bit bare or stylized. The usual, natural form uses the article: μία μικρή εξαίρεση.

  1. Omitting πάντα:
  • Κάθε κανόνας στη γραμματική έχει μία μικρή εξαίρεση.

Now the sentence means: Every rule in grammar has a small exception (not necessarily “always”; it states a fact without stressing “always”).
With πάντα, you underline the idea that this is without fail: there is always at least one small exception.

Can you give a rough word‑for‑word gloss for the whole sentence?

Κάθε – every / each
κανόνας – rule
στη – in‑the (σε + τη(ν))
γραμματική – grammar
έχει – has
πάντα – always
μία – a / one (fem.)
μικρή – small (fem.)
εξαίρεση – exception

So a close, literal mapping would be:

  • Κάθε κανόνας στη γραμματική έχει πάντα μία μικρή εξαίρεση.
    Every rule in‑the grammar has always a small exception.

Which we translate naturally as:

  • Every rule in grammar always has a small exception.