Learn Hardcore Greek: Η φίλη μου δεν ντρέπεται και ρωτάει όποια δασκάλα βλέπει. - My friend female is not shy and asks any female teacher she sees.

So Η φίλη μου is literally “the friend my”, but idiomatically it means “my (female) friend”.
Leaving out Η (Φίλη μου) is possible but more emotional/intimate, like saying “my dear friend” or calling out to her.

Why is it φίλη and not φίλος?

Greek nouns have grammatical gender:

φίλος = a male friend
φίλη = a female friend

Because you’re talking about a female friend, the sentence uses Η φίλη μου.
If it were a male friend, you’d say:

Ο φίλος μου δεν ντρέπεται και ρωτάει όποιον δάσκαλο βλέπει.
(Ο is the masculine article, and the rest changes to masculine forms.)

What is μου and why does it come after φίλη?

μου is the unstressed possessive pronoun “my”.

Η φίλη μου = literally “the friend my”, i.e. “my friend”.

In Greek, these short possessives (μου, σου, του, της, μας, σας, τους) normally go after the noun, not before it like in English.

You cannot say η μου φίλη in normal modern Greek; that sounds wrong.
Correct patterns:

η φίλη μου = my friend
το βιβλίο σου = your book

What exactly does δεν ντρέπεται mean? Is it “is not shy” or “is not ashamed”?

ντρέπεται is the 3rd person singular of ντρέπομαι, a middle/passive verb meaning:

to be shy
to feel embarrassed / to be ashamed

So δεν ντρέπεται can mean:

“she isn’t shy” (in character or in that moment), or
“she isn’t embarrassed / she’s not ashamed”

In this sentence, with και ρωτάει όποια δασκάλα βλέπει, the natural reading is “my friend is not shy” (about asking questions).

Why is it ντρέπεται and not something like είναι ντροπαλή?

Both are possible, but they’re not identical:

δεν ντρέπεται = literally “she does not feel shy/embarrassed”
Focuses more on her behavior/reaction in situations.
δεν είναι ντροπαλή = “she is not a shy person”
Describes her character/trait more explicitly.

In everyday speech, δεν ντρέπεται is very common to describe someone who doesn’t hesitate, isn’t easily embarrassed, and is comfortable speaking up — which fits the idea that she asks any teacher she sees.

How should I understand ρωτάει? Is there a difference between ρωτάει and ρωτά?

The verb is ρωτάω / ρωτώ = “to ask”.

3rd person singular:
- ρωτάει (more colloquial, but fully correct)
- ρωτά (slightly more formal/literary-sounding)

Meaning-wise here they are the same: “she asks”.
You could replace ρωτάει with ρωτά in this sentence with no change in meaning:

Η φίλη μου δεν ντρέπεται και ρωτά όποια δασκάλα βλέπει.

Who is the subject of βλέπει? Could it mean “any teacher sees her”?

The subject of βλέπει is still η φίλη μου (my friend), even though it isn’t repeated.

Greek often omits subject pronouns and even doesn’t repeat the noun if it’s clear from context. The implied structure is:

Η φίλη μου δεν ντρέπεται και (η φίλη μου) ρωτάει όποια δασκάλα (η φίλη μου) βλέπει.

So the meaning is:

“My friend … asks any teacher that she sees.”

It does not mean “any teacher sees her” here; that would need a different wording (and usually an explicit subject for clarity).

What does όποια mean here? Is it “any”, “whichever”, or “every”?

όποια is a relative/indefinite determiner meaning roughly “whichever / any … that”.

In this sentence:

όποια δασκάλα βλέπει ≈ “any (female) teacher she sees”,
“whichever (female) teacher she happens to see”.

It emphasizes indefiniteness and openness: it doesn’t matter which teacher; if she sees a (female) teacher, she asks her.

Compare:

κάθε δασκάλα = every (each and every teacher, systematically)
οποιαδήποτε δασκάλα = any teacher at all (often a bit stronger “any whatsoever”)

Here όποια nicely matches the English idea “any … she sees” / “whichever … she sees”.

Why is it όποια δασκάλα and not η όποια δασκάλα?

When όποια is used as “whichever / any … that”, it already has an indefinite, determiner-like role, so you don’t add the definite article:

όποια δασκάλα = whichever/any teacher
όποιο παιδί = whichever/any child

Adding η (η όποια δασκάλα) would sound strange or change the nuance; it’s not how you form this structure in standard modern Greek.

Why are όποια and δασκάλα both feminine? How would this change for a male teacher?

In Greek, determiners and adjectives agree with the noun in:

gender
number
case

δασκάλα (female teacher) is feminine singular, so:

όποια δασκάλα (feminine singular) = any/whichever female teacher

If you were talking about male teachers, you would use the masculine forms:

όποιον δάσκαλο βλέπει = any/whichever male teacher she sees

And then the whole sentence would be:

Η φίλη μου δεν ντρέπεται και ρωτάει όποιον δάσκαλο βλέπει.

Why is there no word for “she” in the sentence? Where is the subject pronoun?

Greek usually omits subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows the person:

ντρέπεται = he/she/it is shy/ashamed
ρωτάει = he/she/it asks
βλέπει = he/she/it sees

The explicit subject is given once as Η φίλη μου. After that, Greek doesn’t need to repeat αυτή (“she”).

You could say:

Η φίλη μου δεν ντρέπεται και αυτή ρωτάει…

but that sounds like you’re emphasizing “and she (as opposed to someone else) asks…”.
In neutral style, you just omit the pronoun.

Could this sentence also mean “My friend is not ashamed of any teacher she sees”?

No, that would be a very unnatural reading.

The natural and standard parse is:

Η φίλη μου δεν ντρέπεται = My friend is not shy / not embarrassed
και ρωτάει όποια δασκάλα βλέπει = and she asks any teacher she sees

There is no construction here that means “is not ashamed of any teacher”.
The verb ντρέπομαι can take a complement (ντρέπομαι για… = “I am ashamed of…”), but you don’t have για or any object here; it’s simply “she is not shy/embarrassed”.