Learn Hardcore Greek: Η φίλη μου αγόρασε έναν καινούριο καναπέ για το σαλόνι. - My friend female bought a new sofa for the living room.

Because φίλη is a feminine noun. The definite article agrees in gender, number, and case: η (feminine), ο (masculine), το (neuter). Here it’s nominative singular feminine: η φίλη.

Why is there a definite article with a possessive in Η φίλη μου? In English we say “my friend” without “the.”

Greek normally keeps the definite article with possessed nouns: η φίλη μου = “my friend” (literally “the friend my”). If you say μια φίλη μου, it means “a friend of mine” (one among my friends), not a specific one already known.

What exactly is μου and why does it come after the noun?

μου is the unstressed (enclitic) genitive form of “I,” used as a possessive (“my”). In Greek, these possessives usually follow the noun: η φίλη μου, το βιβλίο μου. They are normally written without an accent; an accent can appear only for strong contrast/emphasis.

Is αγόρασε present or past? How is it different from αγόραζε?

αγόρασε is the aorist (simple past), 3rd person singular of αγοράζω. It’s a single, completed action (“bought”). αγόραζε is the imperfect (past continuous), meaning “was buying/used to buy.”

Why έναν and not ένα before καναπέ?

καναπές is masculine, so the accusative singular indefinite article is έναν (not neuter ένα). Also, the final -ν is kept because the next word starts with κ (a hard consonant): έναν καινούριο. In Greek, the final -ν of articles/pronouns is usually kept before vowels and the consonants κ, π, τ, ξ, ψ, γκ, μπ, ντ, τσ, τζ.

Why does the adjective look “neuter” (καινούριο) when it describes a masculine noun (καναπέ)?

For adjectives of the -ος/-η/-ο type (e.g., καινούριος), the masculine accusative singular ends in -ο, which happens to look like the neuter form. So:

masc nom: καινούριος
masc acc: καινούριο
neut nom/acc: καινούριο Here it’s masculine accusative to agree with (έναν) καναπέ.

Is καινούριο or καινούργιο correct?

Both are standard variants: καινούριο and καινούργιο. Meanings and usage are the same; spelling preference varies by speaker and context.

What are the key forms of καναπές?

It’s a masculine noun with stress on the last syllable:

Nominative sg: καναπές
Accusative sg: καναπέ
Genitive sg: καναπέ (in modern usage often identical to accusative)
Nominative pl: καναπέδες
Accusative pl: καναπέδες

Why is για το σαλόνι in the accusative?

The preposition για (“for”) takes the accusative. το σαλόνι is neuter accusative singular. The phrase expresses purpose/intended destination: “for the living room.”

What’s the difference between για το σαλόνι and στο σαλόνι?

για το σαλόνι = for the living room (purpose; suitability).
στο σαλόνι = in/to the living room (location or movement to location).
Example: αγόρασε καναπέ για το σαλόνι (intended for it) vs έβαλε τον καναπέ στο σαλόνι (placed it there).

Can I drop the indefinite article and say αγόρασε καινούριο καναπέ?

Yes. Greek often omits the indefinite article with direct objects, especially when an adjective is present. (Έναν) καινούριο καναπέ are both natural; including έναν can make the “one/a” sense a bit more explicit.

How flexible is the word order?

Greek allows reordering for emphasis:

Neutral: Η φίλη μου αγόρασε έναν καινούριο καναπέ για το σαλόνι.
Focus on the object: Έναν καινούριο καναπέ αγόρασε η φίλη μου για το σαλόνι.
Focus on the buyer: Η φίλη μου αγόρασε, για το σαλόνι, έναν καινούριο καναπέ.
Case endings and articles keep roles clear despite changes.

Does φίλη mean “girlfriend”? What if I want to say “girlfriend/boyfriend”?

φίλη = female friend; φίλος = male friend. For romantic partner, common colloquial forms are:

η κοπέλα μου = my girlfriend
ο φίλος μου can mean boyfriend in context, but to be explicit: το αγόρι μου.

How would the sentence change with a male friend?

Masculine subject and article: Ο φίλος μου αγόρασε έναν καινούριο καναπέ για το σαλόνι.
Everything else stays the same.

How would it look in the plural?

Feminine plural: Οι φίλες μου αγόρασαν έναν καινούριο καναπέ για το σαλόνι.
Mixed/masc plural: Οι φίλοι μου αγόρασαν έναν καινούριο καναπέ για το σαλόνι.
Note the plural article οι and verb αγόρασαν.

How do you pronounce the whole sentence?

Approximate IPA: [i ˈfili mu aˈɣoɾase ˈenan ceˈnuɾʝo kanaˈpe ʝa to saˈloni]
Tips:

η/ι/υ/ει/οι often sound like [i].
γ before a/o/u is a voiced velar fricative [ɣ]; before e/i it’s [ʝ] (as in για [ʝa]).
ου = [u].
Stress marks (´) show the stressed syllable in Greek spelling.

Can you break down the grammar of each word?

Η: definite article, feminine nominative singular.
φίλη: noun, feminine nominative singular (subject).
μου: enclitic possessive pronoun, genitive singular (“my”).
αγόρασε: verb, aorist (simple past), 3rd person singular of αγοράζω.
έναν: indefinite article, masculine accusative singular (final -ν retained before κ).
καινούριο: adjective, masculine accusative singular (variant: καινούργιο).
καναπέ: noun, masculine accusative singular (lemma: καναπές).
για: preposition “for,” takes accusative.
το: definite article, neuter accusative singular.
σαλόνι: noun, neuter accusative singular.

If I want to say “for my living room,” how do I do that?

Add the possessive after the noun: για το σαλόνι μου.
Full sentence: Η φίλη μου αγόρασε έναν καινούριο καναπέ για το σαλόνι μου.

Is there a nuance difference between καινούριος and νέος for “new”?

Yes:

καινούριος = brand-new, unused, newly acquired.
νέος = new/recent in a broader sense, also “young” for people.
For a newly bought sofa, καινούριος is the natural choice.