Learn Hardcore Greek: Βρίσκω συχνά τα κλειδιά της στο τραπέζι.

It’s the weak possessive pronoun meaning her (or its when the possessor is feminine). In Greek, weak possessives go after the noun: τα κλειδιά της = her keys. You don’t place it before the noun like English. For emphasis/contrast, you can use the strong form: τα δικά της κλειδιά (her own keys).

Why is there a definite article (τα) with a possessive?

Greek typically keeps the definite article with possessive pronouns: το σπίτι μου, το βιβλίο σου, τα κλειδιά της. Omitting the article is uncommon and sounds marked or belongs to special contexts (headlines, set phrases, catalog-like contexts).

Does της agree with the noun (keys) or with the owner?

With the owner. The possessed noun has its own article and agreement, while the possessive clitic reflects the possessor:

του = his/its (masc or neut possessor)
της = her/its (fem possessor)
τους = their
Examples: τα κλειδιά του, τα κλειδιά της, τα κλειδιά τους

Could της mean “its” rather than “her”?

Yes, if the possessor is a feminine noun. For example, η πόρτα (the door) → τα κλειδιά της can mean “its keys (the door’s keys)” if the context makes that clear.

How do I say “Maria’s keys”? Can the name go before or after?

Most common: τα κλειδιά της Μαρίας
Emphatic/contrastive: της Μαρίας τα κλειδιά Note the genitive της Μαρίας (not “της Μαρία”).

Where can συχνά go? Is Βρίσκω συχνά… OK?

Yes. Adverbs like συχνά are flexible:

Συχνά βρίσκω τα κλειδιά της στο τραπέζι.
Βρίσκω συχνά τα κλειδιά της στο τραπέζι. Placing it at the very end (…στο τραπέζι συχνά) is possible but less neutral.

What exactly is στο?

It’s the contraction σε + το (“in/at/on + the”). Other common contractions:

στον (σε + τον, masc sg): στον δρόμο
στη(ν) (σε + την, fem sg): στην καρέκλα
στα (neut pl): στα τραπέζια
στους (masc pl): στους φίλους
στις (fem pl): στις πόρτες

Does στο τραπέζι mean “on the table” or “at the table”? When should I add πάνω;

By default it usually means “on the table.” It can also mean “at the table” depending on context. To be crystal clear about “on top of,” add πάνω: πάνω στο τραπέζι or επάνω στο τραπέζι.

Why is τραπέζι in the accusative after σε even though it’s location, not motion?

In Modern Greek, simple prepositions like σε take the accusative case regardless of motion vs. location. So (σε) το τραπέζι → στο τραπέζι (accusative).

What form is τα κλειδιά and why does the plural end in -ιά?

Τα κλειδιά is neuter plural (accusative here, same as nominative for neuters). The singular is το κλειδί, plural τα κλειδιά. Many neuter nouns in -ί form plurals in -ιά (e.g., παιδί → παιδιά, νησί → νησιά).

How do I pronounce the sentence? Any tricky sounds?

Approximate pronunciation: VRÍ-sko sih-NÁ ta kli-THYÁ tis sto tra-PÉ-zi.

β = v
ει and η/ι/υ sound like i
δ = the voiced “th” in English this
χ (as in συχνά) = a voiceless “kh,” like German Bach
Stress: Βρίσκω, συχνά, κλειδιά, τραπέζι

What’s the difference between βρίσκω and βρίσκομαι?

βρίσκω = I find (transitive): Βρίσκω τα κλειδιά.
βρίσκομαι = I am located / I am found (intransitive): Τα κλειδιά βρίσκονται στο τραπέζι.

How do I say “I found her keys (once)” versus “I used to/often found her keys (habitually)”?

One time (aorist): Βρήκα τα κλειδιά της στο τραπέζι.
Habitual in the past (imperfect): Έβρισκα συχνά τα κλειδιά της στο τραπέζι.

Why can’t I say της τα κλειδιά to mean “her keys”?

Because της before a noun is not used for possession in this way. Pre-verbal της is an indirect-object clitic (e.g., Της έδωσα τα κλειδιά = I gave her the keys). For possession, place it after the noun: τα κλειδιά της (or use τα δικά της κλειδιά for emphasis).

Is της ever written with an accent or stressed?

As a weak possessive clitic, της is written without an accent and is usually unstressed. For emphasis, use a strong possessive: τα δικά της κλειδιά or a full genitive phrase: τα κλειδιά της Μαρίας. Note: with some enclitics, Greek adds a secondary accent to the preceding word if needed (e.g., ο άνθρωπός της), but that doesn’t affect της itself.

Can I drop the article and say Βρίσκω συχνά κλειδιά της στο τραπέζι?

That sounds odd in standard Greek. With possessives, the article is normally required: Βρίσκω συχνά τα κλειδιά της…. Article-less forms occur in special, less typical contexts.

How would I add “also” (και) without changing the meaning?

Placement of και shifts what is being added:

Βρίσκω συχνά και τα κλειδιά της στο τραπέζι. = I also find her keys (in addition to other things).
Βρίσκω συχνά τα κλειδιά της και στο τραπέζι. = I find her keys also on the table (as one of several places).
Και βρίσκω συχνά τα κλειδιά της στο τραπέζι. = And I also often find…

Can βρίσκω be used metaphorically like in English “I find it difficult”?

Yes. Το βρίσκω δύσκολο = I find it difficult. Other examples: Το βρίσκω ενδιαφέρον (I find it interesting), Το βρίσκω ακριβό (I find it expensive).