Am Morgen öffne ich die Jalousie, damit mehr Licht ins Zimmer kommt.

Am Morgen means in the morning. It is a very common German time expression.

Grammatically, am is a contraction of an dem:

• an dem Morgen → am Morgen

German often uses an with parts of the day in set expressions like this.

You could also hear:

• Morgens öffne ich ... = In the mornings / In the morning, I open ...

So Am Morgen is a natural way to set the time frame at the start of the sentence.

German main clauses usually follow the verb-second rule, often called V2.

That means the finite verb must be in the second position:

• Am Morgen = position 1
• öffne = position 2
• ich comes after that

So the structure is:

• Am Morgen | öffne | ich die Jalousie

If you started with Ich, then you would say:

• Ich öffne am Morgen die Jalousie.

Both are correct. The difference is mainly what you want to emphasize first.

Jalousie is a feminine noun, so its article is die.

Here it is the direct object of öffnen, because it is the thing being opened:

• ich öffne was? → die Jalousie

In this case, feminine die stays the same in both nominative and accusative singular, so:

• nominative: die Jalousie
• accusative: die Jalousie

That is why you do not see a change in the article here.

No. This is a very important false friend.

• die Jalousie = blind / venetian blind / shutter
• die Eifersucht = jealousy

So although Jalousie looks similar to the English word jealousy, it means something completely different in modern German.

Because damit introduces a subordinate clause.

In German, subordinate clauses are normally separated from the main clause by a comma. So:

• Am Morgen öffne ich die Jalousie, damit mehr Licht ins Zimmer kommt.

That comma is required.

Here damit means so that or in order that. It introduces the purpose of the action.

So the logic is:

• I open the blind
• so that more light comes into the room

A useful point: German often uses damit when the subject of the second clause is different from the subject of the first clause.

Here:

• main clause subject: ich
• subordinate clause subject: mehr Licht

Because the subjects are different, damit is the natural choice.

Because damit creates a subordinate clause, and in German subordinate clauses the conjugated verb usually goes to the end.

So:

• damit mehr Licht ins Zimmer kommt

If this were a main clause, the verb would be earlier:

• Mehr Licht kommt ins Zimmer.

But after damit, the verb moves to the end:

• damit mehr Licht ins Zimmer kommt

This is one of the most important word-order patterns in German.

Because Licht is being used in a general, uncountable sense here: more light.

German often omits the article with uncountable nouns when speaking generally, especially after quantity words like:

• mehr = more
• viel = much/a lot of
• wenig = little/not much

So:

• mehr Licht = more light

You would only use an article if you meant something more specific, for example:

• das Licht = the light
• ein Licht = a light / lamp / light source

Because this sentence expresses movement into the room, not location inside the room.

• in das Zimmer → ins Zimmer = into the room
• in dem Zimmer → im Zimmer = in the room

Here the light is coming into the room, so German uses in with the accusative:

• ins Zimmer

If you were describing where the light already is, you might say:

• Das Licht ist im Zimmer.

So the contrast is:

• wohin? where to? → ins Zimmer (accusative, direction)
• wo? where? → im Zimmer (dative, location)

Ins is just the normal contraction of in das.

So:

• in das Zimmer = ins Zimmer

Both are grammatically correct, but ins is much more natural in everyday German.

German commonly contracts:

• in das → ins
• in dem → im
• an dem → am
• zu dem → zum

Because the subject of the subordinate clause is mehr Licht, and that is treated as singular.

Even though mehr can suggest a greater amount, the noun Licht is still an uncountable singular noun here. So German uses:

• mehr Licht kommt not
• mehr Licht kommen

Compare:

• Wasser kommt = water comes
• mehr Wasser kommt = more water comes

Same idea.

Not in this sentence as it stands.

Um ... zu is usually used when the subject of both actions is the same. For example:

• Ich öffne die Jalousie, um besser sehen zu können. = I open the blind in order to be able to see better.

Here, though, the second clause has a different subject:

• first clause: ich
• second clause: mehr Licht

So damit is the correct choice:

• ..., damit mehr Licht ins Zimmer kommt.

Yes, that is possible:

• ..., damit mehr Licht ins Zimmer hereinkommt.

This adds the idea of coming in a little more explicitly.

Both are natural:

• ins Zimmer kommt
• ins Zimmer hereinkommt

The version without herein is already completely clear, so the original sentence sounds normal and idiomatic.

Because German capitalizes all nouns.

So in this sentence:

• Morgen is a noun in the expression am Morgen
• Jalousie is a noun
• Licht is a noun
• Zimmer is a noun

This is one of the most noticeable differences from English spelling.