Der Bauer repariert den Traktor, während die Kinder im Feld spielen.

The farmer repairs the tractor while the children play in the field.

Breakdown of Der Bauer repariert den Traktor, während die Kinder im Feld spielen.

• das Kind: the child
• spielen: to play
• im: in the; (masculine or neuter, dative)
• während: while
• reparieren: to repair
• der Bauer: the farmer
• der Traktor: the tractor
• das Feld: the field

Questions & Answers about Der Bauer repariert den Traktor, während die Kinder im Feld spielen.

Why is it den Traktor and not der Traktor?

Der Traktor is in the nominative case (used for the subject of a sentence).
In this sentence, Traktor is not the subject; it is the direct object (the thing being repaired).

• Subject (nominative): Der Bauer – the farmer
• Direct object (accusative): den Traktor – the tractor

For masculine nouns, der changes to den in the accusative:

• der Traktor → den Traktor
• der Hund → den Hund
• der Tisch → den Tisch

So den Traktor is correct because the farmer is repairing the tractor (object).

Why is the verb repariert in second position, but spielen is at the end of the clause?

German uses different word order rules in main clauses and subordinate clauses:

1. Main clause: Der Bauer repariert den Traktor

   • The conjugated verb must be in second position.
   • Der Bauer (position 1)
     repariert (position 2)
     den Traktor (everything after position 2)

2. Subordinate clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction like während:
   während die Kinder im Feld spielen

   • The conjugated verb goes to the very end of the clause.
   • während (subordinating conjunction)
     die Kinder im Feld (middle part)
     spielen (finite verb at the end)

So:

• Main clause → verb in position 2
• Subordinate clause → verb at the end

What exactly does während do in this sentence?

Während is a subordinating conjunction meaning while, indicating that two actions happen at the same time.

It does two things:

1. Meaning:
   It shows simultaneity:

   • The farmer is repairing the tractor.
   • At the same time, the children are playing in the field.

2. Grammar / word order:
   As a subordinating conjunction, während sends the conjugated verb in its clause to the end:

   • während die Kinder im Feld spielen
     (verb spielen goes to the end)

Without während, the second part would be a normal main clause and would use verb-second word order:

• Die Kinder spielen im Feld.

Can I switch the order of the two parts and say: Während die Kinder im Feld spielen, repariert der Bauer den Traktor?

Yes, that is completely correct and very natural.

Both are fine and mean the same:

• Der Bauer repariert den Traktor, während die Kinder im Feld spielen.
• Während die Kinder im Feld spielen, repariert der Bauer den Traktor.

When the subordinate clause comes first, you still put a comma, and the main clause that follows still has verb in second position:

• Während die Kinder im Feld spielen,
  repariert der Bauer den Traktor.
  (verb repariert stays in position 2 of the main clause)

Why is it die Kinder and not den Kindern?

Die Kinder is in the nominative plural, because the children are the subject of the subordinate clause:

• Subject: die Kinder – the children (who play)
• Verb: spielen

If they were indirect objects, you might see den Kindern (dative plural), but here they are performing the action, so they are in the nominative.

Also note:

• Singular: das Kind
• Plural: die Kinder (no extra -s in the plural; the -er is the plural marker here)

Why is there a comma before während?

In German, subordinate clauses are almost always separated from the main clause by a comma.

• Main clause: Der Bauer repariert den Traktor
• Subordinate clause: während die Kinder im Feld spielen

A comma is mandatory between them:

• Der Bauer repariert den Traktor, während die Kinder im Feld spielen.

This is true whether the subordinate clause comes after or before the main clause.

What does im Feld mean, and how is it formed?

Im Feld literally means in the field.

Grammatically, im is a contraction:

• im = in dem

Breakdown:

• Preposition: in
• Article (dative, neuter, singular): dem
• Noun: Feld

So:

• in dem Feld → im Feld

The case is dative, because in with a location (no movement into) usually takes the dative in German:

• Wo spielen sie? – im Feld (location → dative)

What is the difference between im Feld and auf dem Feld?

Both can often be translated as in the field, but they have slightly different nuances and usage patterns.

• im Feld (in dem Feld) – focuses more on inside the area of the field.
• auf dem Feld – literally on the field, very common for people working or playing on open ground / a field.

In many contexts, especially for people working or playing in a field, auf dem Feld would sound more idiomatic, though im Feld isn’t wrong and can sound a bit more descriptive or literary, depending on context.

So you could also say:

• Der Bauer repariert den Traktor, während die Kinder auf dem Feld spielen.

Why does German use the simple present (repariert, spielen) instead of a progressive form like is repairing, are playing?

German generally does not have a separate progressive tense like English (is doing, are playing).

Instead, the simple present in German covers both:

• Der Bauer repariert den Traktor.
  → The farmer repairs the tractor.
  → The farmer is repairing the tractor.

• Die Kinder spielen im Feld.
  → The children play in the field.
  → The children are playing in the field.

Context tells you whether it’s a habitual action or an action right now. Here, the presence of während suggests actions happening at the same time, so English uses the progressive, but German does not need a special form.

Could I say währenddessen instead of während?

Not in exactly the same way.

• während = subordinating conjunction (starts a clause and sends the verb to the end)

  • …, während die Kinder im Feld spielen.

• währenddessen = adverb meaning meanwhile / in the meantime, and it starts a main clause (verb goes in second position):

  • Die Kinder spielen im Feld. Der Bauer repariert währenddessen den Traktor.

So you can express a similar idea with währenddessen, but the structure changes:

• With während: one sentence with main + subordinate clause.
• With währenddessen: usually two separate main clauses.

What is the difference between während and als or wenn?

All three can relate to time, but they are used differently:

• während

  • Means while.
  • Emphasizes two actions happening at the same time.
  • Während die Kinder im Feld spielen, repariert der Bauer den Traktor.

• als

  • Mainly past single event: when something happened once in the past.
  • Als die Kinder im Feld spielten, reparierte der Bauer den Traktor.
    → One specific situation in the past.

• wenn

  • For repeated events (whenever) or conditions (if/when).
  • Wenn die Kinder im Feld spielen, repariert der Bauer den Traktor.
    → Whenever the children play in the field, the farmer (habitually) repairs the tractor.

In this example, während is best because it highlights simultaneous ongoing actions.

Is Bauer always masculine? What is the female form?

Bauer here is a masculine noun: der Bauer – the (male) farmer.

• Singular: der Bauer
• Plural: die Bauern

The female form is:

• Singular: die Bäuerin
• Plural: die Bäuerinnen

In more modern or formal language, you might also see:

• der Landwirt / die Landwirtin – farmer, agriculturalist (more neutral/official-sounding).

Is reparieren a separable verb? Why doesn’t anything split off?

Reparieren is not a separable verb. It is a regular, non-separable verb of Latin origin (like many verbs ending in -ieren).

Characteristics:

• reparieren – to repair
• Conjugation: ich repariere, du reparierst, er repariert, …

Verbs with prefixes like auf-, ein-, mit- often split in the main clause:

• Er macht den Traktor an. (separable anmachen → macht … an)

But verbs ending in -ieren (reparieren, studieren, telefonieren, etc.) do not separate.

So Der Bauer repariert den Traktor keeps repariert as one piece.