Breakdown of Ich habe heute noch zwei E‑Mails zu beantworten.
ich
I
zu
to
heute
today
haben
to have
zwei
two
noch
still
die E‑Mail
the email
beantworten
to answer
Elon.io is an online learning platform
We have an entire course teaching German grammar and vocabulary.
Questions & Answers about Ich habe heute noch zwei E‑Mails zu beantworten.
What does the structure haben + zu + infinitive express here?
It expresses a pending task or necessity, often close to English “have to” or “have … to do.” So the sentence means you have the task of answering two emails today. You could also say: Ich muss heute noch zwei E‑Mails beantworten. That’s a bit more direct about obligation, while haben + zu highlights the existence of the items/tasks.
Why is zu needed before beantworten?
Because haben + zu + infinitive is a fixed construction. The infinitive must be marked with zu. Without zu, the sentence is ungrammatical: not “Ich habe … E‑Mails beantworten,” but Ich habe … E‑Mails zu beantworten.
Where does zu go with separable verbs?
With separable verbs, zu slips between the prefix and the stem:
- anrufen → anzurufen
- zurückschreiben → zurückzuschreiben With inseparable verbs like beantworten, zu goes in front: zu beantworten (never “bezuantworten”).
Why use beantworten and not antworten?
- beantworten + Akkusativ (direct object): You answer a thing: eine E‑Mail beantworten.
- antworten (auf + Akkusativ / Dativ for person): You answer to something/someone: auf eine E‑Mail antworten; jemandem antworten. Both are correct in meaning but use different patterns. Your sentence needs a direct object, so beantworten fits perfectly.
What case is zwei E‑Mails in?
Accusative. The (understood) verb it belongs to is beantworten, which takes a direct object in the accusative: (Ich habe) zwei E‑Mails (zu beantworten). If you replace the noun with a pronoun: Ich habe sie heute noch zu beantworten.
What does noch mean here? “Still,” “yet,” or “another/two more”?
It can mean either, depending on emphasis:
- heute noch = “still today / before the day is over.”
- noch zwei E‑Mails = “two more emails (remaining/in addition).” The sentence can naturally be understood as both “I still have two emails to answer today” and “I have two more emails to answer (today).” To disambiguate:
- Emphasize “two more”: Ich habe heute noch zwei weitere E‑Mails zu beantworten.
- Emphasize “before today is over”: Ich muss die E‑Mails noch heute beantworten.
Is there a difference between heute noch and noch heute?
Both mean “still today,” but:
- heute noch is very common and neutral.
- noch heute is a bit more emphatic or formal/literary. Meaning is the same; choose based on style and flow.
Can I move words around? What are natural alternatives?
Yes. Common variants include:
- Heute habe ich noch zwei E‑Mails zu beantworten. (time fronted for emphasis)
- Ich habe noch heute zwei E‑Mails zu beantworten. (slightly more formal/emphatic) The zu‑Infinitiv phrase (zu beantworten) stays at the end of the clause.
Is haben + zu formal compared to müssen?
In general, haben + zu can feel a bit more formal or “written,” but it’s idiomatic in task/context sentences like this. In everyday speech, müssen is more common: Ich muss heute noch zwei E‑Mails beantworten. Your original sentence is perfectly fine and natural.
Is there an impersonal/passive alternative?
Yes:
- Heute sind noch zwei E‑Mails zu beantworten. (impersonal, task-focused)
- Es sind heute noch zwei E‑Mails zu beantworten.
These sound like a to‑do list or a status update.
How do I negate this properly?
- No emails left to answer: Ich habe heute keine E‑Mails mehr zu beantworten.
- Not yet answered any (different meaning, completed action): Ich habe heute noch keine E‑Mails beantwortet.
How can I clearly say “two more emails” vs “still today” without ambiguity?
- “Two more emails”: Ich habe heute noch zwei weitere E‑Mails zu beantworten.
- “Still today (by day’s end)”: Ich muss die E‑Mails noch heute beantworten.
- If both are meant: Ich muss heute noch zwei weitere E‑Mails beantworten.
Why is zu beantworten at the very end?
German pushes non-finite verb forms (like zu + infinitive) to the end of the clause. The main verb habe sits in position 2, and the zu‑Infinitiv closes the “right bracket” at the end:
Ich [habe] … zwei E‑Mails [zu beantworten].
What’s the spelling and gender of E‑Mail?
- Standard spelling: die E‑Mail (with hyphen), plural die E‑Mails. Nouns are capitalized.
- Some write Email without a hyphen, but that can also mean “enamel” in German; the hyphen avoids ambiguity.
- Colloquially you may see die Mail / die Mails.
Could I use the past/completed-action form?
Yes, if you mean you finished them: Ich habe heute zwei E‑Mails beantwortet.
Your original sentence (with zu beantworten) talks about a pending task, not a completed one.
How would pronouns fit in?
Replace the noun with a pronoun and keep it early in the middle field:
- Ich habe sie heute noch zu beantworten.
- With müssen: Ich muss sie heute noch beantworten.
Pronouns typically precede longer noun phrases in German word order.