Learn Hardcore German: Die Kündigung ist schriftlich einzureichen, und die Bestätigung kommt per E‑Mail. - The termination has to be submitted in writing, and the confirmation comes by email.

It’s the sein + zu + infinitive construction, which usually expresses necessity/obligation. Here it means “must be submitted” or “is to be submitted,” a formal, impersonal way to state a requirement. It’s not the regular passive, but it’s functionally similar to “must be + past participle.”

Why is einzureichen written with zu in the middle of einreichen?

Because einreichen is a separable-prefix verb. With zu, the zu goes between the prefix and the verb stem: ein + zu + reichen → einzureichen (compare: anzurufen, zurückzugeben).

Can I say Die Kündigung muss schriftlich eingereicht werden instead?

Yes. Die Kündigung muss schriftlich eingereicht werden is equivalent in meaning. Ist … einzureichen sounds a bit more formal/impersonal and is very common in administrative texts; both are correct.

Why is there a comma before und?

In German, a comma between two independent main clauses linked by und is optional. Both versions are acceptable: with comma or without: … einzureichen, und … / … einzureichen und …. The comma can signal a stronger pause or separation.

Are die Kündigung and die Bestätigung plural because of die?

No. Die also marks feminine singular. Both die Kündigung and die Bestätigung are feminine singular in the nominative case here (each is the subject of its clause).

What case is per E‑Mail? Does per take a specific case?

Per governs the accusative, but with a bare noun like E‑Mail the case isn’t visible. It’s a set phrase meaning “by/via,” as in per Post, per Überweisung, per E‑Mail.

Does schriftlich mean handwritten?

Not necessarily. Generally it means “in writing” (letter, fax, email, etc.), as opposed to oral. Note: in strict legal contexts, Schriftform can mean a handwritten signature is required, whereas Textform includes email; everyday schriftlich can be ambiguous, so follow the specific rules of your context.

Why is E‑Mail hyphenated and capitalized? Is Email wrong?

Standard German writes E‑Mail (capitalized as a noun, with a hyphen). Email (one word) actually means “enamel” and is best avoided in formal writing to prevent ambiguity.

Can I use via E‑Mail or mit E‑Mail instead of per E‑Mail?

Per E‑Mail is the most standard. Via E‑Mail is also acceptable and common; mit E‑Mail is unusual here. You’ll also see per Mail colloquially.

Why use kommt per E‑Mail instead of wird per E‑Mail geschickt?

Kommt per E‑Mail describes the delivery from the recipient’s perspective (“it will come/arrive by email”). Wird … geschickt/gesandt focuses on the sending action. Both are fine; you can also say the more formal Die Bestätigung erfolgt per E‑Mail (“is carried out by email”).

Can I front the medium: Per E‑Mail kommt die Bestätigung?

Yes. Fronting per E‑Mail is natural and puts emphasis on the medium. Remember German verb-second: Per E‑Mail kommt die Bestätigung.

Where does schriftlich go? Could I say ist einzureichen schriftlich?

Place manner adverbs like schriftlich before the final infinitive cluster: ist schriftlich einzureichen. Ist einzureichen schriftlich sounds awkward and is normally avoided.

What are good synonyms for einreichen, and how do they differ from abgeben?

Einreichen: submit (official/administrative tone), physically or electronically.
Abgeben: hand in (often implies physically handing something over).
Einsenden: send in (emphasizes sending, e.g., by post/email).

Is the present tense here talking about the future?

Yes. German commonly uses the present for scheduled/expected future actions and general rules. Here it states a standing procedure: submit in writing; the confirmation arrives by email.

What does Kündigung cover, and how do I use the verb?

Die Kündigung is the notice of termination (from employer or employee). The verb is kündigen: e.g., Ich kündige meinen Vertrag (“I terminate my contract”) or Der Arbeitgeber kündigt dem Mitarbeiter (“The employer fires the employee”). You can also say die Kündigung einreichen (“submit the notice”).