La perte de connaissance suit le malaise.

French uses definite articles much more often than English does.

In this sentence, la perte de connaissance and le malaise refer to medical events or states as recognizable things, so French naturally uses la and le.

English might sometimes say something more general like loss of consciousness follows faintness, without articles, but French usually prefers:

• la perte de connaissance
• le malaise

So this is normal French usage, not something unusual about this sentence.

Literally, it is loss of consciousness.

Breakdown:

• la perte = the loss
• de = of
• connaissance = consciousness / awareness in this expression

Even though connaissance often means knowledge or acquaintance in other contexts, in the fixed phrase perte de connaissance, it means consciousness.

This is a very common medical expression in French.

After a noun like perte, French often uses de + noun without an article when the second noun defines the type of loss.

So:

• une perte de connaissance = a loss of consciousness
• une perte de mémoire = a loss of memory

Using de la connaissance would sound different and usually not be the normal fixed expression here.

So perte de connaissance works like a set phrase.

Yes, it is the same noun, but the meaning changes with context.

Connaissance can mean:

• knowledge
• awareness
• in some set expressions, consciousness

So in:

• avoir connaissance de = to be aware of
• perdre connaissance = to lose consciousness

This is a good example of a French word having a wider range than a single English equivalent.

Not exactly.

In everyday or medical French, un malaise often means:

• a fainting spell
• a dizzy spell
• a sudden physical weakness
• feeling unwell, especially in a way that may lead to collapse

English malaise usually means a vague feeling of discomfort or unease, often more abstract.

So French malaise is often more physical and more concrete than English malaise.

Suit is the third-person singular present of the verb suivre (to follow).

The subject is la perte de connaissance, which is singular, so the verb must also be singular:

• la perte ... suit ...

Conjugation of suivre in the present:

• je suis
• tu suis
• il/elle/on suit
• nous suivons
• vous suivez
• ils/elles suivent

So suit is exactly the correct form for la perte de connaissance.

Because the true subject is the noun perte, which is singular.

In la perte de connaissance:

• main noun = perte
• de connaissance just adds detail

French verb agreement depends on the main noun, not on how long the whole subject is.

So:

• La perte de connaissance suit... not
• La perte de connaissance suivent...

Because suivre is a direct transitive verb in French.

You follow something:

• suivre quelqu'un
• suivre un traitement
• suivre un malaise

So:

• La perte de connaissance suit le malaise.

Not:

• suit au malaise

If you want a construction with à, you would usually use a different verb, such as succéder à:

• La perte de connaissance succède au malaise.

Both can express the idea, but suivre takes a direct object.

Yes, that is possible.

Compare:

• La perte de connaissance suit le malaise.
• Le malaise est suivi d'une perte de connaissance.

The meaning is very close, but the focus changes:

• the original sentence focuses on the loss of consciousness
• the second version focuses on the malaise

The original is shorter and more direct. The alternative is a little more formal or medical in style.

It is pronounced roughly like swee.

A few pronunciation notes:

• suit = /sɥi/
• the ui sound in French is not exactly like English wee, but swee is a useful approximation
• the final t is silent

Also:

• la perte de connaissance
• le malaise = roughly luh meh-lez or luh meh-lehz, depending on accent

Yes.

French often uses both:

• the verb expression perdre connaissance = to lose consciousness
• the noun expression la perte de connaissance = loss of consciousness

Examples:

• Il a perdu connaissance. = He lost consciousness.
• La perte de connaissance a été brutale. = The loss of consciousness was sudden.

So in your sentence, the noun phrase is used because it functions as the subject of the sentence.

Yes, it sounds fairly medical, clinical, or explanatory.

A native speaker might use it in:

• a medical report
• first-aid instructions
• a health article
• a formal description of symptoms

In everyday conversation, someone might say something less formal depending on context, such as:

• Il a fait un malaise, puis il a perdu connaissance.

That sounds more natural in casual spoken French, while your original sentence sounds more written or clinical.