Plus nous avançons, plus je comprends le texte.

It uses a very common French pattern: plus ..., plus ...

This pattern means the more ..., the more ... in English.

So the sentence is built like this:

• Plus nous avançons = The more we move forward / the further we go
• plus je comprends le texte = the more I understand the text

It is a comparative correlative structure: one thing increases, and another thing increases too.

Because French mirrors the English pattern the more ..., the more ...

The first plus introduces the first changing situation:

• Plus nous avançons = The more we progress

The second plus introduces the linked result:

• plus je comprends le texte = the more I understand the text

So both plus words are necessary in this structure.

Here, plus is not being used in a simple comparison such as more than X. Instead, it is part of the fixed pattern plus ..., plus ...

Compare:

• Je comprends plus que toi = I understand more than you
• Plus j’étudie, plus je comprends = The more I study, the more I understand

In your sentence, plus means something like the more because of the whole structure, not because of a direct comparison with than.

Because this is not the structure plus de meaning more of or more than a quantity.

For example:

• plus de temps = more time
• plus de livres = more books

But in plus nous avançons, plus is not modifying a noun. It is introducing a whole clause.

So:

• plus de
  • noun = more of something
• plus
  • clause = the more ...

That is why de does not appear here.

Because in modern French, this structure normally uses regular statement word order:

• Plus nous avançons
• Plus je comprends

French does not usually invert the subject and verb here.

So even though English sometimes feels a bit inverted in formal structures, French keeps the normal order:

• subject + verb

That makes Plus nous avançons the natural form.

Because the sentence expresses a general relationship that is happening now or is true in an ongoing way.

• nous avançons = we are progressing / we move forward
• je comprends = I understand

French often uses the present tense for general truths, developing situations, and repeated patterns. In English, we often do the same:

• The more we read, the more we learn
• The further we go, the more I understand

So the present tense is the normal choice here.

Avancer literally means to move forward, to advance, or to progress.

In this sentence, it could mean either:

• physically moving forward through something
• progressing through a text, lesson, discussion, or task

Because the second clause is je comprends le texte, the most natural interpretation is probably:

• the further we get / the more we progress, the more I understand the text

So avançons is likely being used in a broader sense of making progress.

French usually needs an article where English often does not.

So French says:

• je comprends le texte

where English might say:

• I understand the text
• or simply I understand the text better as we go

Using le makes texte a specific text, not just the general idea of text.

This is very normal in French. In many cases, French uses articles more consistently than English does.

Yes, absolutely.

That is completely normal.

In your sentence:

• nous avançons = we progress
• je comprends = I understand

The idea is that one situation affects another, and the subject does not have to stay the same.

For example:

• Plus tu parles, plus je suis confus.

  • The more you speak, the more confused I am.

• Plus ils étudient, plus leurs résultats s’améliorent.

  • The more they study, the more their results improve.

So using nous first and je second is perfectly natural.

Yes. That would also be very natural.

French often uses on instead of nous in everyday speech.

So:

• Plus nous avançons, plus je comprends le texte
  is a bit more formal or careful.

• Plus on avance, plus je comprends le texte
  sounds very natural in everyday spoken French.

Both are correct. The choice depends mostly on register and style.

French can use the same pattern with other comparative words too.

For example:

• Plus j’écoute, mieux je comprends.

  • The more I listen, the better I understand.

• Moins il dort, plus il est fatigué.

  • The less he sleeps, the more tired he is.

• Plus tu attends, moins c’est facile.

  • The more you wait, the less easy it is.

So the pattern is flexible. It often means:

• the more ..., the more ...
• the more ..., the less ...
• the less ..., the more ...
• the less ..., the less ...

Your sentence is one of the most basic and useful versions of that pattern.