خواهرم گفت که خمیر دندان را کنار آینه گذاشته است، نه در کشو.

خواهرم means my sister.

It is built from:

• خواهر = sister
• -م = my

So Persian often adds a short ending to the noun instead of using a separate word like my before it.

Examples:

• برادرم = my brother
• دوستم = my friend

Here که means that and introduces the reported clause:

• خواهرم گفت که ...
• My sister said that ...

In Persian, که is very common after verbs like گفتن when you report what someone said, thought, knew, etc.

In casual speech, it can sometimes be omitted, but using it is completely natural and standard here.

را marks the direct object, especially when it is specific or definite.

So:

• خمیر دندان را = the toothpaste as the object of the verb

It tells you that خمیر دندان is the thing being put somewhere.

A helpful way to think about it:

• را often appears when English would naturally say the, this, that, or otherwise refer to a specific known thing.

In everyday speech, را is usually pronounced رو.

It is a compound noun meaning toothpaste, literally tooth paste.

It is often written as two words:

• خمیر دندان

You may also sometimes see:

• خمیردندان

Both are understandable, but the spaced version is very common.

Good question. There is actually an ezafe sound here, so it is pronounced کنارِ آینه.

But in normal Persian writing, short vowels are usually not written, so you see:

• کنار آینه

even though you pronounce it as:

• kenār-e āyene

This is very common in Persian. The grammar is there, but the short vowel is invisible in writing.

It means beside the mirror or next to the mirror.

• کنار = beside / next to / by the side of
• آینه = mirror

So this phrase gives the location of the toothpaste.

گذاشته است is the present perfect form of گذاشتن.

Here it suggests something like:

• has put
• has left

In this sentence, that makes sense because the result is still relevant now: the toothpaste is being described as being in a certain place now.

If you used گذاشت, it would be more like a simple past:

• she put it

Both can work in many contexts, but گذاشته است often sounds a bit more connected to the present result.

Also, in everyday speech, است is often reduced or dropped:

• گذاشته
• گذاشته‌ست

It is not stated explicitly, because Persian often leaves out subject pronouns when the meaning is clear from context.

Here, the subject is understood to be خواهرم.

So the meaning is:

• My sister said that she has put the toothpaste ...

Persian does this very often. If the subject is obvious, you usually do not need to repeat او.

Yes, something is understood but left out.

Literally, نه در کشو means not in the drawer, but the full idea is:

• نه در کشو گذاشته است

The verb is omitted because Persian, like English, often leaves out repeated material when it is already clear.

Compare in English:

• She left it by the mirror, not in the drawer.

You do not need to repeat left it in English either.

Because this sentence is making a simple correction or contrast at the end.

• ..., نه در کشو
• ..., not in the drawer

This is a very natural shortened contrast.

A fuller, more formal contrast pattern in Persian is:

• نه ... بلکه ... = not ... but rather ...

But here that structure is not necessary, because the main statement has already been given and the speaker is just correcting the location.

Persian is generally Subject-Object-Verb.

Very roughly, the structure is:

• خواهرم = my sister
• گفت = said
• که = that
• خمیر دندان را = the toothpaste
• کنار آینه = beside the mirror
• گذاشته است = has put / has left
• نه در کشو = not in the drawer

So the main verb of the reported clause comes at the end, which is very typical in Persian.

A very natural colloquial version might be:

• خواهرم گفت که خمیردندون رو کنار آینه گذاشته، نه تو کشو.

Some common spoken changes are:

• خمیر دندان → خمیردندون
• را → رو
• در → often تو
• است → often dropped

So the written sentence is standard and correct, while the spoken version is what you might hear in conversation.