من مبل را در آپارتمان نگه داشتم و پرده های جدید را خریدم.

را marks a specific direct object.

So in this sentence:

• مبل را = the sofa / the furniture, as a specific thing
• پرده‌های جدید را = the new curtains, also specific

It does not mean exactly the same thing as English the, but when a direct object is definite or specific, English often translates it with the.

In everyday speech, را is often pronounced ro or o.

Because it is a compound verb: نگه داشتن = to keep.

Many Persian verbs are made of:

• a non-verbal element
• plus a common verb such as کردن, شدن, داشتن, etc.

Here:

• نگه داشتن = to keep
• نگه داشتم = I kept

Even though داشتم by itself can mean I had, in this sentence it is part of the verb نگه داشتن, not a separate word meaning had.

In Persian, adjectives usually come after the noun.

So:

• پرده‌های جدید = curtains new = new curtains

This is the normal Persian order.

Also, unlike English, the adjective does not usually change for plural:

• پردهٔ جدید = new curtain
• پرده‌های جدید = new curtains

The noun shows the plural, not the adjective.

It contains the plural marker ها.

• پرده = curtain
• پرده‌ها = curtains

When a noun with ها is followed by an adjective, Persian usually adds an ezafe sound, so:

• پرده‌ها + ی + جدید → پرده‌های جدید

This is pronounced roughly pardehâ-ye jadid.

A more standard spelling uses a half-space: پرده‌های.
You may also see پرده های in less careful typing, but the meaning is the same.

Not always.

Persian verbs already show the subject, and -م at the end of داشتم and خریدم means I.

So the sentence could also be:

مبل را در آپارتمان نگه داشتم و پرده‌های جدید را خریدم.

That would still clearly mean I kept the sofa in the apartment and bought the new curtains.

Using من can add:

• emphasis
• clarity
• contrast, as in I did it

Because Persian normally follows Subject–Object–Verb order.

So the first part is structured like this:

• من = I
• مبل را = the sofa
• در آپارتمان = in the apartment
• نگه داشتم = kept

And the second part:

• پرده‌های جدید را = the new curtains
• خریدم = bought

So Persian often feels more like:

I the sofa in the apartment kept and the new curtains bought.

That is normal Persian word order.

No exact word appears here that directly equals English the.

Persian does not have a regular definite article like English the.
Definiteness is often understood from:

• context
• the object marker را
• sometimes demonstratives like این or آن

So although English naturally says the sofa and the new curtains, Persian does not need a separate word for the.

مبل most often means sofa or couch, though in some contexts it can also refer more generally to furniture.

In this sentence, because it appears as one specific object, the most natural reading is:

• the sofa
• or the couch

So if the translation given to the learner says sofa, that is a very normal interpretation.

Because در is a preposition meaning in or inside.

So:

• در آپارتمان = in the apartment

Persian, like English, uses prepositions before the noun here.

Also, آپارتمان is a loanword meaning apartment.

In casual speech, many speakers might also say تو آپارتمان instead of در آپارتمان, but در is very standard and neutral.

In careful reading, it would sound close to:

man mobl-râ dar âpârtemân negah dâshtam va pardehâ-ye jadid-râ kharidam

In everyday speech, a native speaker may reduce some parts:

• را → ro or o
• و may sound lighter than the formal va

So you might hear something like:

man mobl-o dar âpârtemân negah dâshtam o pardehâ-ye jadid-o kharidam

That is the same sentence, just more conversational in pronunciation.