من کارم را قبل از خواب تمام میکنم، اما برادرم همیشه کارش را دیر تمام میکند.

They mean:

• کارم = my work
• کارش = his/her work

They are made from:

• کار = work
• -م = my
• -ش = his/her

So:

• کار + م = کارم
• کار + ش = کارش

This attached pronoun is very common in Farsi. Instead of using a separate word for my or his/her, Farsi often adds a short ending directly to the noun.

The same thing happens in برادرم:

• برادر = brother
• برادرم = my brother

را marks a specific direct object.

In this sentence:

• کارم را = my work as the object of the verb
• کارش را = his work as the object of the verb

Since the speaker is talking about a definite, known piece of work, را is used.

So:

• من کارم را تمام می‌کنم = I finish my work
• برادرم همیشه کارش را دیر تمام می‌کند = My brother always finishes his work late

A very literal breakdown would be:

• کارم را = my work
  • object marker
• کارش را = his work
  • object marker

Farsi usually follows Subject – Object – Verb word order, while English usually uses Subject – Verb – Object.

So in English you say:

• I finish my work before sleep

But in Farsi, the verb usually comes at the end:

• من کارم را قبل از خواب تمام می‌کنم

Breakdown:

• من = I
• کارم را = my work
• قبل از خواب = before sleep / before bed
• تمام می‌کنم = finish

So the structure is very naturally:

• I + my work + before sleep + finish

That final verb position is one of the most important sentence patterns in Farsi.

Literally, قبل از خواب means before sleep.

Parts:

• قبل = before
• از = from / of / before in this expression
• خواب = sleep

Together, قبل از is a fixed expression meaning before.

So:

• قبل از خواب = before sleep / before going to bed / before bedtime

In natural English, you might translate it as before going to bed, even though the Farsi literally just says before sleep.

Because Farsi often expresses this idea with a noun phrase rather than a verb form.

English often says:

• before sleeping
• before going to bed

Farsi commonly says:

• قبل از خواب
• literally: before sleep

This is a very normal and natural structure in Farsi. You do not need a separate word meaning sleeping here.

It is a compound verb.

Parts:

• تمام = complete / finished
• کردن = to do

Together, تمام کردن means to finish or to complete.

In the sentence:

• تمام می‌کنم = I finish
• تمام می‌کند = he/she finishes

This is very common in Farsi. Many actions are expressed with a noun, adjective, or other element plus a light verb such as کردن.

So although it looks like complete + do, you should learn تمام کردن as a single vocabulary item meaning to finish.

The prefix می- is used here to form the present habitual/simple present.

So:

• می‌کنم = I do / I finish
• می‌کند = he/she does / finishes

In this sentence, the meaning is habitual or general:

• I finish my work before bed
• My brother always finishes his work late

The می- prefix often gives this kind of meaning in the present tense.

With تمام کردن, the forms are:

• تمام می‌کنم = I finish
• تمام می‌کنی = you finish
• تمام می‌کند = he/she finishes
• تمام می‌کنیم = we finish
• تمام می‌کنید = you finish
• تمام می‌کنند = they finish

Because in Farsi, subject pronouns are often optional.

The ending -م in می‌کنم already tells you the subject is I. So the sentence could also be:

• کارم را قبل از خواب تمام می‌کنم

and it would still mean I finish my work before bed.

The pronoun من is often included for:

• emphasis
• contrast
• clarity

In this sentence, من helps create a contrast with برادرم:

• I finish my work before bed, but my brother always finishes his work late.

So من is not required, but it sounds very natural here.

اما means but.

It connects the two clauses:

• من کارم را قبل از خواب تمام می‌کنم
• اما برادرم همیشه کارش را دیر تمام می‌کند

So the full structure is:

• I finish my work before bed, but my brother always finishes his work late.

It is a straightforward contrast word, just like but in English.

همیشه means always, and in Farsi adverbs of frequency often come before the object or earlier in the clause.

So:

• برادرم همیشه کارش را دیر تمام می‌کند

is a very natural order.

A rough breakdown is:

• برادرم = my brother
• همیشه = always
• کارش را = his work
• دیر = late
• تمام می‌کند = finishes

Farsi adverb placement is somewhat flexible, but this order is common and natural.

دیر means late.

In this sentence:

• کارش را دیر تمام می‌کند = he finishes his work late

It functions as an adverb, describing how/when the work is finished.

In Farsi, adverbs often come before the final verb, especially because the verb usually comes at the end of the sentence. So:

• دیر تمام می‌کند = finishes late

That order is completely normal.

For the same reason as کارم: Farsi often attaches possession directly to the noun.

• برادر = brother
• برادرم = my brother

So instead of saying something like my brother with a separate word for my, Farsi commonly uses the ending -م.

Other examples:

• دوستم = my friend
• کتابم = my book
• خانه‌ام = my house

This is one of the most common possession patterns in Farsi.

In standard modern Persian spelling, they are usually written with a half-space:

• می‌کنم
• می‌کند

Many learners also see them written without the half-space in informal typing:

• میکنم
• میکند

Both are understandable, but the standard written form is:

• می‌کنم
• می‌کند

Also note that the formally correct third-person singular form is می‌کند with د at the end. In informal speech, that final -d sound may be reduced or less clear, but in writing it should be there.

It is talking about a habit or usual behavior, not necessarily what is happening right now.

Clues:

• می‌کنم / می‌کند with می- often gives a habitual/simple present meaning
• همیشه = always, which strongly suggests a repeated habit

So the sentence means something like:

• I usually finish my work before bed, but my brother always finishes his work late.

Even though English calls this the simple present, it often refers to routines and habits. The Farsi here works the same way.