این درس از درس دیروز سخت تر است، اما من آن را میفهمم.

In this sentence, از means than, not from.

Persian usually forms comparisons like this:

• A + از + B + adjective‌تر
• literally: A + than + B + more-adjective

So:

• این درس از درس دیروز سخت‌تر است
• This lesson is harder than yesterday’s lesson

The word از has several meanings in Persian, but in comparisons, it commonly works like than in English.

Persian usually makes the comparative by adding -تر to an adjective.

Here:

• سخت = hard, difficult
• سخت‌تر = harder, more difficult

A few examples:

• بزرگ = big

• بزرگ‌تر = bigger

• آسان = easy
• آسان‌تر = easier

In standard writing, this is usually written with a نیم‌فاصله as سخت‌تر, though many people type سخت تر informally.

Because the comparison is between this lesson and yesterday’s lesson, not between a lesson and the day yesterday itself.

So Persian repeats درس to make the comparison clear:

• این درس = this lesson
• از درس دیروز = than yesterday’s lesson

If you only said از دیروز, it would sound like you were comparing the lesson to yesterday, which is not the intended meaning.

درس دیروز means yesterday’s lesson.

This is a very common Persian structure. Persian often shows possession or association by putting two nouns together, usually with an ezafe sound between them.

So although it is written:

• درس دیروز

it is normally understood as:

• درسِ دیروز
• dars-e diruz

That little -e sound links the two words and gives the meaning the lesson of yesterday or more naturally yesterday’s lesson.

Persian word order often feels different because the main descriptive word and the verb come later.

The sentence is structured like this:

• این درس = this lesson
• از درس دیروز = than yesterday’s lesson
• سخت‌تر = harder
• است = is

So the literal order is something like:

• This lesson than yesterday’s lesson harder is

That is normal Persian structure. English and Persian organize comparison sentences differently, even though the meaning is the same.

آن را means it.

Here is the breakdown:

• آن = that / it
• را = marker for a definite direct object

So:

• من آن را می‌فهمم
• literally: I it understand

The word را does not really have a direct English equivalent. Its job is grammatical: it marks آن as the thing being understood.

So آن را is not two separate ideas in English; together they function as it.

را is the direct object marker in Persian. It usually appears with a specific or definite direct object.

In this sentence, the lesson is a specific thing, so را is used:

• آن را می‌فهمم = I understand it

This is standard and correct.

In everyday spoken Persian, را is often pronounced رو:

• اونو می‌فهمم

And in casual speech, speakers sometimes leave objects out if the meaning is already obvious. But for a learner, it is very useful to notice and understand را, because it is a very important part of Persian grammar.

Yes, Persian could leave it out.

The verb می‌فهمم already tells you the subject is I, because the ending -م means first person singular.

So both of these work:

• اما من آن را می‌فهمم
• اما آن را می‌فهمم

The version with من is more explicit and can add emphasis or contrast, something like:

• but I understand it

So من is not strictly necessary, but it is perfectly natural.

است is the formal written form of is.

So:

• سخت‌تر است = is harder

In spoken Persian, people often shorten or replace it:

• سخت‌تره
• or sometimes just rely on the spoken rhythm

So the sentence in everyday speech might sound more like:

• این درس از درس دیروز سخت‌تره

But in standard written Persian, است is completely normal.

The standard spelling is usually:

• می‌فهمم

with a small invisible separator called a zero-width non-joiner between می and the verb.

Many people type it informally as:

• میفهمم

but textbooks and careful writing usually prefer می‌فهمم.

This verb comes from:

• فهمیدن = to understand

And می‌فهمم means:

• I understand
• or sometimes I am understanding, depending on context

A rough pronunciation is:

• mi-fah-mam

Yes, آن literally means that, but in Persian it can also function as a pronoun meaning it.

So in this sentence:

• آن را می‌فهمم

آن refers back to the lesson and means it.

This is very normal in Persian, especially in standard or written language. Persian often uses demonstrative words like این and آن in places where English simply uses this, that, or it.

Often, yes. A more conversational version might be:

• این درس از درس دیروز سخت‌تره، ولی من می‌فهممش.

Some common spoken differences are:

• است → ـه
• اما → ولی
• آن را → a shorter spoken form such as می‌فهممش or اونو

But the original sentence is very good standard Persian, and it is an excellent form for learners to study.