Ĉiaj homoj venas al la strando en somero: familioj, geamikoj kaj gastoj de la hotelo.

Ĉiaj homoj means all kinds of people or people of many different types.

That is different from ĉiuj homoj, which means all people / everyone.

So the contrast is:

• ĉiaj = variety, kinds, types
• ĉiuj = the whole group, every member

In this sentence, the point is not that literally every person comes, but that many different kinds of people do.

In Esperanto, -j marks the plural.

So in this sentence:

• homo → homoj = people
• familio → familioj = families
• amiko → amikoj = friends
• gasto → gastoj = guests

Adjectives also agree with the nouns they describe, so:

• ĉia homo = every kind of person / a person of any kind
• ĉiaj homoj = all kinds of people

So ĉiaj has -j because homoj is plural.

Not necessarily. In Esperanto, the present tense -as can describe:

• something happening now
• something habitual
• something generally true

Here it is a habitual or general statement: people come to the beach in summer.

So venas here means something like:

• come
• tend to come
• come in summer

It does not have to mean they are arriving at this exact moment.

Veni means to come, and iri means to go.

The choice depends on viewpoint:

• veni = movement toward the reference point
• iri = movement away from it or just movement in general

Here the sentence presents the beach as the destination people arrive at, so venas al la strando is natural: come to the beach.

If you said iras al la strando, that would mean go to the beach, which is also possible in another context. The difference is mainly perspective.

Because al already shows direction: to / toward.

In Esperanto, when a preposition already clearly expresses the relationship, you usually do not add -n to the noun. So:

• al la strando = to the beach

The -n ending is often used for:

• direct objects
• direction in some cases without a preposition

But here al already does the job, so strando stays without -n.

La is the definite article: the.

So:

• la strando = the beach
• la hotelo = the hotel

That suggests a specific beach and a specific hotel, or at least ones understood from context.

But en somero means in summer in a general sense. Seasons, times of year, and similar general time expressions often appear without la when you mean them generally.

So:

• en somero = in summer, during summertime in general
• en la somero would sound more like in the summer, referring to a particular summer

Ge- is a prefix used for a mixed group of males and females.

So:

• amikoj = friends
• geamikoj = male and female friends together, or a mixed-gender group of friends

Traditionally, ge- clearly signals both sexes together. In modern usage, some speakers also use it more broadly as an inclusive group term.

In this sentence, geamikoj means a group of friends, with the idea that it is not just all-male or all-female.

Here de means something like of, belonging to, or associated with.

So:

• gastoj de la hotelo = guests of the hotel = the hotel’s guests

Although de can sometimes translate as from, that is not the most natural reading here. In this sentence, it shows relationship or association, not movement.

So the meaning is people staying at the hotel, not people coming from the hotel building.

The colon introduces examples of ĉiaj homoj.

So the structure is:

• general statement: Ĉiaj homoj venas al la strando en somero
• examples: familioj, geamikoj kaj gastoj de la hotelo

It works like:

• such as
• namely
• for example

So the colon tells you that the words after it are examples of the kinds of people being talked about.