Niaj geavoj loĝas proksime de la rivero, do ni ofte vizitas ilin sabate.

Niaj means our.

It ends in -j because it agrees with the plural noun geavoj. In Esperanto, adjectives and possessive-like words such as mia, via, nia take -j when the noun is plural.

• nia avo = our grandfather
• niaj geavoj = our grandparents

So niaj matches the plural noun.

Geavoj means grandparents.

Here is how it is built:

• avo = grandfather
• avoj = grandfathers / grandfathers as a plural form
• geavoj = grandparents, meaning both sexes together

The prefix ge- is used for a mixed-sex group or for both male and female relatives together.

For example:

• patro = father
• patrino = mother
• gepatroj = parents

So geavoj literally means something like grandfathers-and-grandmothers together.

Loĝas comes from the verb loĝi, which means to live or to reside.

Esperanto verb endings are very regular:

• -i = infinitive, so loĝi = to live
• -as = present tense, so loĝas = live / are living

Because the subject is niaj geavoj, the verb is in the present tense: our grandparents live.

Unlike English, the verb does not change depending on whether the subject is singular or plural. So:

• mi loĝas = I live
• li loĝas = he lives
• ili loĝas = they live

The letter ĝ is pronounced like the g in gem, giant, or judge.

So loĝas sounds approximately like LOH-jahs.

A few details:

• lo- sounds like lo in lore, but shorter and cleaner
• ĝ = English j sound
• -as is pronounced clearly as ahs

Because proksime de is the normal way to say near something.

• proksima is an adjective meaning nearby or close
• proksime is an adverb meaning nearby / closely
• de is the preposition used after it: near to

So:

• Ili loĝas proksime de la rivero = They live near the river

You can think of proksime de as a fixed expression meaning near.

La is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• rivero = a river / river
• la rivero = the river

Esperanto has only one definite article, la, and it does not change for gender, number, or case.

In this sentence, the river is a specific river known from the context, so la is used.

Do means so, therefore, or thus.

It connects the two parts of the sentence:

• Niaj geavoj loĝas proksime de la rivero
• do ni ofte vizitas ilin sabate

So the idea is:

Our grandparents live near the river, so we often visit them on Saturday.

It shows a result or conclusion.

Because ilin is the direct object form of ili.

• ili = they
• ilin = them

Esperanto uses the ending -n to mark the direct object.

In this sentence:

• ni = we
• vizitas = visit
• ilin = them

So we visit them requires the object form ilin.

Compare:

• Ili vizitas nin = They visit us
• Ni vizitas ilin = We visit them

Because niaj geavoj is the subject, not the direct object.

In the sentence:

• Niaj geavoj loĝas... = Our grandparents live...

They are the ones doing the action of living, so they are the subject.

But in the second clause:

• ni ofte vizitas ilin = we often visit them

Here ilin receives the action of visiting, so it gets the accusative ending -n.

The -n ending is mainly used for direct objects and certain expressions of direction.

Yes. Sabate means on Saturday or on Saturdays, depending on context.

It comes from:

• sabato = Saturday
• sabate = on Saturday / on Saturdays, used adverbially

Esperanto often uses the -e ending to make an adverb or a time expression.

So:

• matene = in the morning
• vespere = in the evening
• sabate = on Saturday

In this sentence, because of ofte, many learners will naturally understand it as often on Saturdays.

Yes, ofte vizitas means often visit.

Ofte is an adverb, and Esperanto adverbs are fairly flexible in position. So these are all possible:

• Ni ofte vizitas ilin sabate
• Ni vizitas ilin ofte sabate
• Ofte ni vizitas ilin sabate

However, some positions sound more natural than others depending on what you want to emphasize. In this sentence, ni ofte vizitas ilin sabate is a very normal, neutral word order.

Yes, Esperanto word order is more flexible than English, because endings show the grammatical roles clearly.

For example, ilin has -n, so you know it is the object even if it moves.

The original order is very natural:

• Niaj geavoj loĝas proksime de la rivero, do ni ofte vizitas ilin sabate.

But variations are possible, especially for emphasis. For example:

• Sabate ni ofte vizitas ilin.
• Ilin ni ofte vizitas sabate.

That said, learners should usually start with the most neutral order:

• subject + verb + object + adverbs

It is used directly, without a preposition.

So:

• viziti iun = to visit someone
• viziti lokon = to visit a place

That is why the sentence says vizitas ilin and not something like vizitas al ilin.

Examples:

• Mi vizitas mian amikon = I visit my friend
• Ni vizitas la urbon = We visit the city

So viziti takes a direct object.

It can mean either, depending on context.

By itself, sabate can mean:

• on Saturday in a specific situation
• on Saturdays as a habitual idea

In this sentence, because of ofte = often, it strongly suggests a repeated action, so the most natural English meaning is something like we often visit them on Saturdays or we often visit them on Saturday depending on the translation style.