La rezultoj de la ekzameno estos montritaj morgaŭ, do hodiaŭ ni atendas.

Because rezulto is a noun, and -j makes it plural.

• rezulto = result
• rezultoj = results

So La rezultoj means the results.

Here de means of.

So:

• la rezultoj de la ekzameno = the results of the exam

It shows a relationship between the two nouns. In English, you could also say the exam results. Esperanto can do that too with a compound such as ekzamenrezultoj, but rezultoj de la ekzameno is perfectly normal and very clear.

Because there are two separate noun phrases:

• la rezultoj = the results
• la ekzameno = the exam

Esperanto uses la much like English the. If both things are specific and known from context, both can take la.

Also, la never changes form. It stays la for singular, plural, subject, and object.

This is a passive construction.

• estos = will be
• montritaj = shown

The verb montri means to show.
So estos montritaj literally means will be shown.

Compare:

• Oni montros la rezultojn morgaŭ. = Someone will show the results tomorrow.
• La rezultoj estos montritaj morgaŭ. = The results will be shown tomorrow.

The second sentence is passive, because the results receive the action.

Because montritaj agrees with rezultoj, which is plural.

In Esperanto, adjectives and participles agree with the noun they describe in number and case.

• rezulto montrita = a shown result
• rezultoj montritaj = shown results

Since rezultoj is plural, the participle also gets -j.

Because rezultoj is the subject of the passive sentence, not the direct object.

In the active version, you would have:

• Oni montros la rezultojn morgaŭ.

There, rezultojn has -n because it is the object.

But in the passive version:

• La rezultoj estos montritaj morgaŭ.

Now la rezultoj is the subject, so there is no accusative -n.

This is about passive participle nuance.

• -ata usually emphasizes an action in progress
• -ita usually emphasizes a completed action or resulting state

So:

• estos montrataj = will be in the process of being shown
• estos montritaj = will be shown / will have been shown

In a sentence like this, estos montritaj morgaŭ is the normal way to say that the results will be revealed tomorrow. It focuses on the event as something that will happen, not on the ongoing process of showing them.

Do means so, therefore, or thus.

It links the two parts of the sentence:

• The exam results will be shown tomorrow
• so today we are waiting

So do shows a logical result or conclusion.

No. This is a very common false friend for English speakers.

• atendi = to wait or to expect
• ĉeesti or partopreni = to attend

So here:

• ni atendas = we are waiting

It does not mean we attend.

Because Esperanto present tense -as covers both the simple present and the progressive idea.

So:

• mi laboras can mean I work or I am working
• ni atendas can mean we wait or we are waiting

Esperanto does not normally need a separate verb like English am/is/are for this.

No. Esperanto verb endings show tense, but not person.

• atendas could mean I wait, you wait, he waits, we wait, etc., depending on context

So the subject pronoun is usually needed:

• mi atendas = I am waiting
• ni atendas = we are waiting

That is different from languages where the verb ending itself tells you the person very clearly.

Because they are built-in adverbs of time.

• hodiaŭ = today
• morgaŭ = tomorrow
• hieraŭ = yesterday
• nun = now

They already function adverbially, so they do not need -e.

Not completely. Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, as long as the sentence stays clear.

This sentence is natural:

• La rezultoj de la ekzameno estos montritaj morgaŭ, do hodiaŭ ni atendas.

But you could also move parts for emphasis, for example:

• Morgaŭ estos montritaj la rezultoj de la ekzameno.
• Hodiaŭ ni atendas, ĉar la rezultoj estos montritaj morgaŭ.

The original order is straightforward and sounds natural.