Tuj kiam la kurzo ŝanĝiĝas, mi kontrolas ĝin denove.

Tuj kiam means as soon as.

It is made of two parts:

• tuj = immediately, right away
• kiam = when

So literally it is something like immediately when.

This is a very common Esperanto way to express the idea of as soon as:

• Tuj kiam li alvenos, ni ekos. = As soon as he arrives, we’ll start.

Kiam means when, and here it introduces a time clause:

• Tuj kiam la kurzo ŝanĝiĝas = as soon as the rate changes

In Esperanto, kiam is the normal word for when in both questions and subordinate clauses.

Examples:

• Kiam vi venos? = When will you come?
• Mi telefonos, kiam mi alvenos. = I’ll call when I arrive.

So in your sentence, kiam is simply linking the two actions in time.

Kurzo can mean different kinds of rate, exchange rate, price level, or sometimes course, depending on context.

In this sentence, it most naturally means something like:

• an exchange rate
• a market rate
• some other value that can change and be checked again

So even if the English meaning has already been given to you, it is useful to know that kurzo is a fairly flexible word whose exact meaning depends on the situation.

La means the, so la kurzo means the rate.

Esperanto often uses la when the speaker and listener both know which thing is being talked about. Here it is not just any rate in general, but a specific one that is already understood from context.

Compare:

• Kurzo ŝanĝiĝas. = A rate / rates change.
• La kurzo ŝanĝiĝas. = The rate changes.

So la makes it definite.

This is a very important Esperanto pattern.

• ŝanĝi = to change something
• ŝanĝiĝi = to change, to become different

So:

• Mi ŝanĝas la planon. = I change the plan.
  
  • Here the subject changes something else.
• La plano ŝanĝiĝas. = The plan changes.
  
  • Here the plan itself undergoes the change.

In your sentence:

• la kurzo ŝanĝiĝas = the rate changes

The ending -iĝ- often shows that something becomes a certain way or undergoes a change, rather than actively doing it to something else.

Because -as is the present tense, but in Esperanto the present tense can also describe:

• something happening now
• a habitual action
• a general rule
• something that happens whenever a condition is met

So this sentence can mean something like:

• Whenever the rate changes, I check it again.
• As soon as the rate changes, I check it again.

This is normal Esperanto usage. English also often uses the present tense in time clauses:

• As soon as it changes, I check it again.

For the same reason: Esperanto often uses the present tense for regular or repeated actions.

Mi kontrolas ĝin denove means:

• I check it again
• I re-check it

This does not have to mean only right now. It can describe a routine or repeated response:

• each time the rate changes, I check it again

If you wanted a clearly future meaning in a specific future situation, you could use -os:

• Tuj kiam la kurzo ŝanĝiĝos, mi kontrolos ĝin denove.
• As soon as the rate changes, I will check it again.

Because ĝin is the accusative form, used for a direct object.

• ĝi = it
• ĝin = it as the object of a verb

Here, kontroli is something you do to something:

• I check it

So:

• mi kontrolas ĝin = I check it

The -n marks the direct object.

Compare:

• Ĝi ŝanĝiĝas. = It changes.
  
  • subject, so no -n
• Mi kontrolas ĝin. = I check it.
  
  • object, so -n

Yes. Ĝi can absolutely refer to a thing.

Esperanto does not have grammatical gender for ordinary nouns the way many European languages do. So kurzo is not inherently masculine or feminine. A pronoun like ĝi is commonly used for a thing, object, idea, or abstract noun.

Here:

• la kurzo = the rate
• ĝin = it, meaning the rate

So mi kontrolas ĝin denove means I check the rate again.

Denove means again or anew.

So:

• mi kontrolas ĝin denove = I check it again

It tells you that the checking is repeated.

A related word is:

• ree = again, once more

In many contexts, denove and ree are both possible, though denove is often the more straightforward choice for learners.

Yes, Esperanto word order is fairly flexible.

These are all possible, though some may sound more natural depending on emphasis:

• Mi kontrolas ĝin denove.
• Mi denove kontrolas ĝin.
• Denove mi kontrolas ĝin.

The version in your sentence is very natural. Putting denove later often keeps the focus on the repeated action of checking.

Roughly:

• Mi kontrolas ĝin denove = I check it again.
• Mi denove kontrolas ĝin = I again check it / I’m checking it again.

The difference is usually small.

Because the sentence has two clauses:

• Tuj kiam la kurzo ŝanĝiĝas
• mi kontrolas ĝin denove

Esperanto often uses commas to separate clauses, especially when a subordinate clause comes first. So the comma here is normal and helpful.

You could think of it as marking the boundary between:

• the time condition
• the main action

Yes.

You could also say:

• Mi kontrolas ĝin denove, tuj kiam la kurzo ŝanĝiĝas.

That means the same basic thing: I check it again as soon as the rate changes.

The version with the time clause first:

• Tuj kiam la kurzo ŝanĝiĝas, mi kontrolas ĝin denove.

puts a little more attention on the timing. Both are correct.

A learner might wonder about this because it contains several special Esperanto letters.

It breaks down like this:

• ŝ = sh as in ship
• ĝ = the j sound in judge
• ĵ is different, but it does not appear here
• ĝi sounds roughly like jee
• ŝan-ĝi-ĝas has three main parts

A rough English-style guide would be:

• shan-JEE-jahs

More exactly:

• ŝan = shahn
• ĝi = jee
• ĝas = jahs

So ŝanĝiĝas is approximately shahn-JEE-jahs.

It can naturally be understood as a general repeated situation:

• Whenever the rate changes, I check it again.

That is because both verbs are in the present tense, which often expresses routine or regular behavior.

However, depending on context, it could also describe what is happening in a live situation:

• As soon as the rate changes, I check it again.

So the exact interpretation depends on context, but the grammar itself is perfectly normal for either a habitual or immediate-present sense.