Ni kontrolis la valuton kaj la kurzon.

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Breakdown of Ni kontrolis la valuton kaj la kurzon.

• ni: we
• kaj: and
• kontroli: to check

Questions & Answers about Ni kontrolis la valuton kaj la kurzon.

Why is kontrolis used here instead of kontrolas?

Because -is marks the past tense in Esperanto.

• kontrolas = checks / is checking
• kontrolis = checked
• kontrolos = will check

So Ni kontrolis... means We checked...

Why do valuton and kurzon end in -n?

The -n ending marks the direct object in Esperanto. It shows what was checked.

In this sentence:

• Ni = we
• kontrolis = checked
• la valuton = the currency
• kaj = and
• la kurzon = the rate / exchange rate

So both valuton and kurzon are things being checked, which is why both take -n.

Why is la used twice: la valuton kaj la kurzon?

Esperanto often repeats la before each noun when two separate nouns are joined by kaj.

So:

• la valuton kaj la kurzon = the currency and the rate

This is fully normal and clear. You may sometimes see structures where a determiner is not repeated, but repeating la before each noun is very standard and often the clearest choice.

What does ni mean exactly? Does it include the listener?