Jeg sætter stikket til sengelampen i en forlængerledning, fordi stikkontakten er for langt væk.

In Danish, at sætte ... i is a very common way to say to put/insert something into something, and it is often used for plugs:

• Jeg sætter stikket i kontakten = I plug the plug into the socket
• Han satte nøglen i døren = He put the key in the door

So Jeg sætter stikket ... i en forlængerledning is a natural way to say that you are plugging it into an extension lead/cord.

You may also hear stikke i in some contexts, but sætte ... i is very standard here.

Here, stikket means the plug.

The basic noun is et stik, which can mean a plug or sometimes a connector depending on context. In this sentence:

• stikket til sengelampen = the plug for the bedside lamp

So it is not the socket on the wall. The wall socket is stikkontakten later in the sentence.

Those are the Danish definite articles, which are usually added to the end of the noun instead of being separate words like the in English.

Examples from the sentence:

• et stik = a plug

• stikket = the plug

• en sengelampe = a bedside lamp

• sengelampen = the bedside lamp

• en stikkontakt = a socket/outlet
• stikkontakten = the socket/outlet

So Danish often says the by attaching -en or -et to the noun.

Because til often means for in the sense of belonging to or intended for.

So:

• stikket til sengelampen = the plug for the bedside lamp
• literally, the plug to the bedside lamp

This use of til is very common:

• nøglen til døren = the key to/for the door
• låget til gryden = the lid for the pot

So til is the natural preposition here.

Because i means in/into, and with plugs Danish commonly uses sætte ... i for inserting something into a socket, extension lead, or similar connection point.

So:

• sætte stikket i en forlængerledning = plug the plug into an extension cord/lead

Even though English says into an extension cord, Danish uses i.

Forlængerledning means extension cord or extension lead.

It is a compound noun:

• forlænge = to extend
• ledning = cord/wire/line

Danish makes compound nouns very freely, just like German and unlike English, which often writes them as two words.

So:

• sengelampe = bedside lamp
• stikkontakt = power socket/outlet
• forlængerledning = extension cord

This is completely normal in Danish.

They are two different electrical parts:

• stikket = the plug
• stikkontakten = the socket/outlet

So the sentence is saying:

• I plug the plug for the bedside lamp into an extension cord
• because the wall socket/outlet is too far away

This distinction is important because English speakers sometimes mix them up when learning Danish.

Yes, for can mean for, but in front of an adjective or adverb it often means too.

So:

• for langt væk = too far away
• for dyr = too expensive
• for sent = too late

In this sentence, for does not mean for in the English preposition sense. It means too.

Because langt here is functioning adverbially.

The expression langt væk means far away. In this phrase, langt is not directly describing the noun stikkontakten as an adjective. Instead, it is part of the adverbial expression far away.

Compare:

• en lang ledning = a long cord
  Here lang is an adjective describing the noun.

• stikkontakten er langt væk = the socket is far away
  Here langt is adverbial.

So for langt væk is correct.

Because fordi introduces a subordinate clause, and Danish subordinate clauses do not follow the normal main-clause V2 pattern in the same way.

Main clause:

• Stikkontakten er langt væk.

After fordi:

• ... fordi stikkontakten er for langt væk

This is normal subordinate clause order: subject + verb.

A useful thing to remember is that inversion is common in Danish main clauses after something is placed first, but after conjunctions like fordi, the clause structure is different.

Yes. Sengelampe is literally bed-lamp, and in normal English that is usually translated as bedside lamp or sometimes bed lamp, depending on context.

So:

• en sengelampe = a bedside lamp
• sengelampen = the bedside lamp

It is another example of a very normal Danish compound noun.

Because Danish nouns have grammatical gender, and different nouns belong to different genders.

In modern Danish there are two genders:

• common gender → usually takes en
• neuter → usually takes et

In this sentence:

• et stik → neuter
• en sengelampe → common gender
• en stikkontakt → common gender
• en forlængerledning → common gender

That is why the definite forms become:

• stikket
• sengelampen
• stikkontakten

Unfortunately, noun gender often just has to be learned noun by noun.

Yes. In context, stikkontakten will normally be understood as the wall socket/outlet.

So the full idea is:

• I plug the bedside lamp into an extension cord
• because the power outlet is too far away

Even though stikkontakt by itself just means socket/outlet, in everyday situations people usually understand it as the electrical outlet in the wall unless something else is specified.