Jeg får en besked fra min ven.

Yes. Får is the present tense of at få, and in this sentence it means get / receive.

In everyday Danish, at få is very common and often sounds more natural than a more formal verb like at modtage.

• Jeg får en besked = I get / I receive a message
• Jeg modtager en besked = also correct, but more formal or official

So får is a very normal choice in spoken and written Danish.

Because Danish usually uses an article where English would say a message.

Besked is a common noun, and here it is singular and indefinite, so it takes the common-gender article en:

• en besked = a message

If you remove en, the sentence would sound incomplete in normal Danish.

Compare:

• Jeg får en besked. = I get a message.
• Jeg får besked. = this is also possible, but it means something a bit different: more like I get word / I am informed / I’ll be told

So en besked refers to one specific message as a countable thing.

Because ven is a common gender noun in Danish, not a neuter noun.

Danish has two grammatical genders:

• common gender → usually takes en
• neuter → usually takes et

Since it is:

• en ven = a friend

the possessive must be:

• min ven = my friend

Compare:

• min ven = my friend
• mit hus = my house
• mine venner = my friends

So:

• min is used with en-words
• mit is used with et-words
• mine is used with plurals

Because Danish usually places possessive words like min, din, hans, hendes, vores before the noun, just like English.

Examples:

• min ven = my friend
• din bil = your car
• hendes bog = her book

So fra min ven follows a very familiar English-like pattern:

• fra = from
• min ven = my friend

There is nothing unusual about the word order here.

Here fra means from, showing the source or sender of the message.

• en besked fra min ven = a message from my friend

This is the natural preposition when something comes from a person, place, or source.

Af is a different preposition and often means things like:

• by in passive expressions
  
  • skrevet af hende = written by her
• of/from in certain fixed expressions

In this sentence, af would not be the normal choice. For a message sent by someone, Danish uses fra.

It is grammatically present tense, but like the simple present in Danish more generally, it can often cover what English expresses with either:

• I get
• I am getting
• sometimes even a near-future sense, depending on context

So Jeg får en besked fra min ven can mean:

• I get a message from my friend
• I’m getting a message from my friend

Danish does not use a separate continuous form the way English does. Context tells you whether the action is habitual, happening now, or expected.

No. Danish verbs do not change for person the way English verbs do.

So the present tense får stays the same:

• jeg får = I get
• du får = you get
• han får = he gets
• vi får = we get
• de får = they get

This is one thing many English speakers find pleasantly simple.

Because Danish main clauses normally follow subject + verb + rest of sentence order.

Here:

• Jeg = subject
• får = verb
• en besked = object
• fra min ven = prepositional phrase describing where the message comes from

So the sentence structure is very straightforward.

Danish can move parts around for emphasis, but the neutral order is exactly what you see here.

Yes, sometimes. Danish allows some flexibility, especially for emphasis or style.

For example:

• Jeg får en besked fra min ven. = neutral
• Fra min ven får jeg en besked. = possible, but marked and less neutral

The original version is the most natural everyday order.

So while movement is possible, learners should usually stick with:

• subject + verb + object + extra information

A rough learner-friendly guide would be:

• Jeg ≈ yai / yigh
• får ≈ something like for, but with a more open Danish vowel
• en is often reduced, almost like a very light ən
• besked ≈ beh-SKETH or beh-SKED depending on accent and carefulness
• fra ≈ frah
• min ≈ meen
• ven ≈ ven with a short Danish e

A few useful notes:

• g in jeg is not pronounced like English g
• å in får is an important Danish vowel sound
• unstressed words like en are often reduced in natural speech

If you want to sound natural, listening and repeating is especially important with Danish pronunciation, because the spelling often does not match what English speakers expect.

Yes. Besked is a broad word and can refer to many kinds of messages depending on context.

It can mean things like:

• a message
• a text message
• a note
• information passed on to someone
• a notification, in some contexts

For example:

• Jeg fik en besked på telefonen. = I got a message on my phone.
• Giv mig besked. = Let me know.
• Han sendte en besked. = He sent a message.

So besked is a very useful everyday word.

Yes, that is grammatically correct.

But the tone is different:

• Jeg får en besked fra min ven = everyday, natural, common
• Jeg modtager en besked fra min ven = more formal, more explicit, sometimes more written or official

In ordinary conversation, får is usually the more idiomatic choice.

So a learner should definitely understand modtager, but får is often the better default in casual Danish.