En due gik hen til en busk, fordi vinden var for stærk.

Because due and busk are common gender nouns in Danish. Common gender nouns take en in the indefinite singular.

• en due = a dove/pigeon
• en busk = a bush

If a noun is neuter, it takes et instead, for example et hus.

Vinden is the definite form of vind, so it means the wind.

In Danish, the definite article is usually added to the end of the noun:

• en vind = a wind
• vinden = the wind

Here, the sentence is talking about the specific wind in that situation, so vinden is the natural choice.

Yes. Gik is the past tense of gå, which means to go or to walk.

This verb is irregular:

• at gå = to go / to walk
• går = go/goes, am/is/are going
• gik = went
• gået = gone

So En due gik... means A dove/pigeon went...

Gik hen til means something like went over to or went up to.

• gik = went
• hen = over / in that direction
• til = to

So gik hen til en busk gives a stronger sense of movement toward the bush than just a plain went.

Because til shows movement to/toward something.

• gik hen til en busk = went over to a bush
• gik i en busk or ind i en busk = went into a bush

So til is about reaching the bush, while i would suggest ending up inside it.

Because fordi introduces a subordinate clause, and subordinate clauses in standard Danish do not use normal main-clause V2 word order.

So you get:

• fordi vinden var for stærk

Here the order is:

• fordi = because
• vinden = the subject
• var = the verb

In a main clause, Danish normally puts the finite verb in second position, but after fordi, the clause follows subordinate-clause word order.

No. Here for means too.

So:

• for stærk = too strong

This is a very common Danish use of for:

• for dyr = too expensive
• for stor = too big
• for sent = too late

So vinden var for stærk means the wind was too strong.

Because vinden is a singular common gender noun, and the adjective agrees with that.

• vinden var for stærk = the wind was too strong

If the subject were a neuter noun, you would usually get -t:

• vejret var for stærkt = the weather was too strong/intense

So the form stærk matches vinden.

This is a normal main clause, and Danish main clauses usually follow the V2 rule: the finite verb comes in the second position.

Here:

• En due = first element
• gik = finite verb in second position
• hen til en busk = the rest

So the structure is completely normal for Danish.

Because fordi vinden var for stærk is a subordinate clause, and many Danish writers put a comma before subordinate clauses.

However, this is a small spelling/punctuation detail in Danish: depending on the comma system being used, that comma may be included or omitted.

So both of these may be seen:

• En due gik hen til en busk, fordi vinden var for stærk.
• En due gik hen til en busk fordi vinden var for stærk.

Both are understandable; the version with the comma is very common.

Yes. In Danish, due can cover both dove and pigeon in many contexts.

If the exact species matters, Danish can use more specific words, but in everyday language due is often enough, and context tells you what kind of bird is meant.