Hver gang alarmen ringer for anden gang, står jeg endelig op og laver kaffe.

Hver gang means every time and introduces a clause that sets up a repeated situation.

So in:

Hver gang alarmen ringer for anden gang, ...

the first part means whenever / every time the alarm rings the second time.

It works a lot like a conjunction here, introducing a subordinate clause before the main clause.

This is because Danish main clauses follow the verb-second rule.

When the sentence begins with something other than the subject — here, the whole clause Hver gang alarmen ringer for anden gang — that first element takes the first position. Then the finite verb must come second:

• Hver gang alarmen ringer for anden gang, står jeg endelig op ...

So the order becomes:

• first element: Hver gang ...
• second position: står
• then subject: jeg

If the sentence started directly with the subject, it would be:

• Jeg står endelig op og laver kaffe.

Because alarmen is the definite form: the alarm.

In Danish, the definite article is often added as an ending:

• en alarm = an alarm
• alarmen = the alarm

Here the speaker means a specific, known alarm — presumably their own alarm — so alarmen is natural.

Ringer is the present tense of at ringe.

Danish often uses the present tense for:

• habits
• routines
• things that happen regularly

So alarmen ringer is simply the alarm rings, and in this sentence it describes a repeated habit.

Also, Danish does not use a special continuous form like English is ringing in the same way. Very often, the plain present tense is enough.

For anden gang means for the second time or on the second occurrence.

A very useful word here is gang, which often means time/occasion in the sense of an occurrence:

• første gang = first time
• anden gang = second time
• tredje gang = third time

The preposition for is part of a common expression in Danish when counting occurrences:

• for første gang
• for anden gang
• for tredje gang

Why anden? Because gang is a common-gender noun, and the form has to match it.

Compare:

• common gender: anden
• neuter: andet

So:

• for anden gang is correct
• not for andet gang

Sometimes yes, but the nuance changes a little.

• Hver gang ... = every time ..., clearly repetitive
• Når ... = when or sometimes whenever, depending on context

In a sentence about a routine, hver gang strongly emphasizes that this happens on every such occasion.

So this sentence is very natural if the speaker means:

This is my regular pattern every time the alarm rings the second time.

Using når might sound a little less emphatically repetitive, depending on context.

Because stå op is a separable verb expression meaning to get up.

In Danish, particles like op are often separated from the verb in finite clauses:

• Jeg står op. = I get up.
• Han står tidligt op. = He gets up early.

So here:

• står jeg endelig op

is completely normal.

You can think of stå op as similar to English phrasal verbs like get up.

Endelig is an adverb meaning finally.

Its position follows normal Danish word-order patterns. In the main clause, after the verb-second inversion, the subject comes, and then adverbs like endelig often appear:

• ... står jeg endelig op ...

If the sentence began with the subject, you would get:

• Jeg står endelig op.

So the adverb’s position is tied to the overall sentence structure.

Because the same subject jeg continues across both verbs.

The sentence has one subject doing two actions:

• står ... op
• laver kaffe

Danish often leaves out the repeated subject when it is obvious:

• ... står jeg endelig op og laver kaffe.

You could say:

• ... står jeg endelig op, og jeg laver kaffe.

But that sounds more separate and slightly heavier. The original version is smoother and more natural.

Because kaffe is being used as an uncountable noun here.

So:

• laver kaffe = make coffee

This means coffee in a general sense, not one specific unit.

If you said:

• laver en kaffe

that would more likely mean make a coffee / make one cup of coffee.

So in this sentence, no article is the normal choice.

Yes. The comma marks the end of the initial subordinate clause:

• Hver gang alarmen ringer for anden gang,
  står jeg endelig op og laver kaffe.

It helps show where the introductory clause ends and where the main clause begins.

This is standard Danish punctuation in a sentence like this.

Not always, but very often it does in expressions about occurrences.

In this sentence, gang means time/occasion as in:

• første gang = first time
• anden gang = second time

This is different from tid, which usually means time in the broader sense of clock time or duration.

So here, gang is the correct word because we are counting repeated events, not talking about time in general.