Hun laver et nyt budget, før hun betaler regningerne.

Hun is the subject form, like English she. In this sentence, she is the one doing the actions in both clauses:

• Hun laver ...
• før hun betaler ...

Hende is the object form, like English her, and would be used in a sentence like Jeg ser hende.

The verb lave is a very common everyday Danish verb meaning make, do, or prepare, depending on context.

With budget, Danish normally says lave et budget for make/draw up a budget. A more formal verb could be udarbejde, but lave is the natural everyday choice.

So Hun laver et nyt budget is a very normal way to say that she is making or preparing a new budget.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Danish usually does not have a separate everyday tense for the English difference between:

• she makes
• she is making

The simple present laver can cover both ideas. Context tells you whether it is a general action, a habitual action, or something happening now.

So Hun laver et nyt budget could mean:

• she makes a new budget
• she is making a new budget

Because budget is a neuter noun in Danish, also called an et-word.

That means its indefinite article is et, not en:

• et budget
• et problem
• et hus

You usually have to learn the gender of each noun as part of the word.

Because adjectives in Danish must agree with the noun they describe.

Since budget is a neuter noun, ny changes to nyt:

• en ny plan
• et nyt budget

A useful pattern is:

• common gender singular: ny
• neuter singular: nyt
• plural or definite: nye

So:

• en ny bog
• et nyt budget
• nye bøger
• det nye budget

Regningerne is the definite plural form of regning.

The forms are:

• en regning = a bill
• regningen = the bill
• regninger = bills
• regningerne = the bills

So the ending -ne here marks the in the plural.

Danish often puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word.

In Danish, the normal way to say the bills is regningerne, with the definite ending attached to the noun.

De regninger is possible, but it usually sounds more specific or contrastive, more like:

• those bills
• those particular bills

You also need de if there is an adjective before the noun:

• de store regninger = the big bills

But with no adjective, regningerne is the standard choice.

Danish often uses the present tense in places where English might also think about future meaning.

This sentence can describe:

• a habitual sequence
• a planned or expected sequence

After time words like før, Danish normally uses the present tense:

• før hun betaler

That is completely normal, even if the action is in the future from the speaker’s point of view.

So Danish does not need something like will pay here unless you specifically want to add extra meaning such as intention or willingness.

Because før introduces a subordinate clause.

In Danish, subordinate clauses normally keep the basic order subject + verb:

• før hun betaler regningerne

The inverted order verb + subject is mainly used in:

• questions
• main clauses after something has been placed first

So after før, hun betaler is the expected order.

Then the main clause usually shows inversion, because Danish main clauses follow the verb-second pattern.

You would get:

Før hun betaler regningerne, laver hun et nyt budget.

Notice what happens in the main clause:

• not hun laver
• but laver hun

That is because the whole før clause comes first, so the finite verb in the main clause moves into second position.

Because før hun betaler regningerne is a subordinate clause, and many Danish writers put a comma before subordinate clauses.

You may see both versions in Danish, depending on the comma style being used:

• Hun laver et nyt budget, før hun betaler regningerne.
• Hun laver et nyt budget før hun betaler regningerne.

Both can be acceptable. For learners, the comma is helpful because it clearly shows where the second clause begins.

Often, yes.

Both før and inden can mean before in many time expressions. So inden hun betaler regningerne can also work.

That said:

• før is a very direct, basic way to say before
• inden often feels a bit more like before that point or by the time

In this sentence, før is perfectly natural. Inden would also be understandable, but før is the most straightforward choice.