På mandag vil jeg aflevere min opgave til læreren.

It usually means on Monday / this coming Monday / next Monday, depending on context.

In everyday Danish, på mandag often refers to the upcoming Monday, not just any Monday in general.

• mandag = Monday
• på mandag = on Monday

So På mandag vil jeg aflevere min opgave til læreren means something like On Monday, I will hand in my assignment to the teacher.

Both can exist, but they are not always used in exactly the same way.

• på mandag is a very common way to say on Monday / this coming Monday
• mandag by itself can also appear, but på mandag sounds more naturally tied to a specific upcoming day in time

For a learner, på + weekday is a very useful pattern:

• på mandag = on Monday
• på tirsdag = on Tuesday
• på fredag = on Friday

So this sentence uses a very standard time expression.

Because Danish often puts a time expression first when you want to set the scene.

Starting with På mandag emphasizes when the action will happen:

• På mandag vil jeg aflevere min opgave til læreren.
• more neutral/basic order: Jeg vil aflevere min opgave til læreren på mandag.

Both are possible, but the version with På mandag first sounds very natural.

This is because Danish is a V2 language. That means the finite verb normally comes in the second position in a main clause.

In this sentence:

• first element: På mandag
• second element: vil
• then the subject: jeg

So:

• På mandag vil jeg ... ✔
• På mandag jeg vil ... ✘

This word order is one of the most important things for English speakers to learn in Danish.

Compare:

• Jeg vil aflevere min opgave på mandag.
• På mandag vil jeg aflevere min opgave.

In both cases, the finite verb vil stays in second position.

Mostly yes, but not only that.

Danish does not have a special future tense ending like English sometimes seems to with will. Instead, Danish often uses:

• present tense for future meaning, or
• vil + infinitive

Here, vil aflevere means will hand in.

But vil can also carry a sense of:

• intention
• willingness
• sometimes even wanting to

So this sentence can sound like:

• I will hand in my assignment on Monday
• with a slight sense of I intend to do it on Monday

Yes. Danish often uses the present tense for future events if the time is clear.

For example:

• På mandag afleverer jeg min opgave til læreren.

That also means On Monday I hand in / am handing in / will hand in my assignment to the teacher.

The difference is roughly:

• vil aflevere = more explicit future/intention
• afleverer = very natural when the future time is already clear from på mandag

Both are good Danish.

Because vil is a modal verb, and after a modal verb Danish uses the infinitive of the main verb.

So:

• vil = finite/modal verb
• aflevere = infinitive

In Danish main clauses, the finite verb takes second position, while the infinitive often comes later:

• Jeg vil aflevere min opgave
• På mandag vil jeg aflevere min opgave

This is similar to English:

• I will hand in my assignment

Here aflevere means to hand in, to submit, or to turn in.

It is a very common verb for giving something to a teacher, office, institution, or other authority.

Examples:

• aflevere en opgave = hand in an assignment
• aflevere sit pas = hand over one’s passport
• aflevere en bog på biblioteket = return a book at the library

So in this sentence, aflevere min opgave is the natural Danish way to say hand in my assignment.

Because Danish possessives work differently from English articles.

min means my, and it is placed before the noun:

• min opgave = my assignment

You do not add the normal definite ending to the noun here. So:

• min opgave ✔
• min opgaven ✘

That is because the possessive already makes the noun specific.

Also note:

• min is used with common-gender singular nouns
• opgave is a common-gender noun, so min is correct

Other forms:

• mit hus = my house
• mine bøger = my books

Because til means to, and it marks the recipient here.

So:

• aflevere noget til nogen = hand something in / over to someone

In this sentence:

• min opgave = the thing being handed in
• til læreren = the person receiving it

This is a very common pattern:

• Jeg gav bogen til Anna.
• Han sendte brevet til sin chef.
• Jeg afleverer opgaven til læreren.

Because læreren means the teacher, while lærer means a teacher / teacher.

Danish usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun:

• en lærer = a teacher
• læreren = the teacher

So:

• til læreren = to the teacher

This tells us it is a specific teacher, probably one already known from the context.

That is a basic feature of Danish.

In many cases, the definite article is a suffix attached to the noun:

• en lærer = a teacher
• læreren = the teacher
• en bog = a book
• bogen = the book

So instead of a separate word like English the, Danish often adds:

• -en
• -et
• or plural definite endings

That is why you see læreren as one word.

Yes, and that would mean On Monday I will hand in the assignment to the teacher.

The difference is:

• min opgave = my assignment
• opgaven = the assignment

So min opgave emphasizes possession, while opgaven just refers to a specific assignment already understood from context.

Both are grammatically correct; they simply mean slightly different things.

Yes, it is completely natural.

A Danish speaker would understand it immediately, and it sounds like normal everyday or school-related Danish.

Very natural alternatives include:

• På mandag afleverer jeg min opgave til læreren.
• Jeg vil aflevere min opgave til læreren på mandag.
• På mandag skal jeg aflevere min opgave til læreren.

Each version has a slightly different nuance, but the original sentence is perfectly good Danish.