Na výlet pojedeme vlakem, protože moje maminka se bojí létat letadlem.

Na výlet means on a trip / for an outing.

With verbs of movement, Czech often uses na + accusative when someone is going to an event or activity:

• na koncert = to a concert
• na oběd = to lunch / for lunch
• na výlet = on a trip / for an outing

Here, výlet is in the accusative singular. Because výlet is a masculine inanimate noun, its accusative form looks the same as the nominative, so you still see výlet.

Pojedeme means we will go.

More specifically, it comes from jet, which is the verb used for going by vehicle. Czech distinguishes:

• jít = to go on foot
• jet = to go by vehicle
• letět = to go/fly by air

Since the sentence says vlakem (by train), jet is the correct choice.

Also, pojedeme is the normal future form of jet:

• pojedu = I will go
• pojedeš = you will go
• pojedeme = we will go

So even though it is one word, it already means will go.

They are in the instrumental case, which is often used in Czech to express the means of transport or the means by which something is done.

So:

• vlakem = by train
• letadlem = by plane

This is very common:

• autem = by car
• autobusem = by bus
• tramvají = by tram

In this sentence:

• pojedeme vlakem = we will go by train
• létat letadlem = to fly by plane

Because protože means because and introduces a subordinate clause.

Czech normally separates this kind of clause with a comma:

• Na výlet pojedeme vlakem, protože moje maminka se bojí létat letadlem.

This works much like English punctuation with because, although Czech is generally stricter about writing the comma.

Yes, all of those are possible, but they have slightly different feel.

• moje maminka = my mom
• má maminka = my mom
• maminka = mom

A few notes:

1. moje and má both mean my.

   • moje maminka often sounds a bit more natural in everyday speech.
   • má maminka is also correct, but can sound a bit more compact, formal, or stylistically marked depending on context.

2. maminka is a warm, affectionate word, similar to mom or mummy/mommy depending on context. In many situations it simply means mom.

3. If the context already makes it clear whose mother it is, Czech might just say maminka.

The verb is bát se, which means to be afraid. The se is part of the verb, so it is required.

So:

• bojím se = I am afraid
• bojíš se = you are afraid
• bojí se = he/she is afraid

You cannot normally drop se here.

Also, se is a clitic, which means it tends to stand in the second position in its clause. That is why you get:

• moje maminka se bojí

rather than something like moje maminka bojí se, which would sound unnatural in normal speech.

This is a very common learner question.

• letět usually refers to one specific flight / one instance of flying
• létat usually refers to flying in general, repeatedly, or as an activity

Here the sentence is talking about the mother’s general fear of air travel, not one particular flight. So létat is the natural choice.

Compare:

• Zítra poletí do Prahy. = Tomorrow she will fly to Prague.
  → one specific trip

• Bojí se létat. = She is afraid of flying.
  → the activity in general

Because létat by itself just means to fly in a general sense. It does not automatically specify how.

So letadlem makes the meaning explicit:

• létat letadlem = to fly by plane

Without letadlem, bojí se létat would still often be understood as she is afraid of flying, but it could sound a bit broader or less specific. Adding letadlem makes it very clear that the fear is about airplane travel.

Yes. Czech word order is fairly flexible, and changing it usually changes the emphasis rather than the basic meaning.

The given sentence:

• Na výlet pojedeme vlakem, protože moje maminka se bojí létat letadlem.

puts na výlet first, which sets the scene: as for the trip / for the outing.

Other possible orders include:

• Pojedeme na výlet vlakem, protože moje maminka se bojí létat letadlem.
• Vlakem pojedeme na výlet, protože moje maminka se bojí létat letadlem.

These all mean roughly the same thing, but the focus shifts slightly:

• fronting na výlet highlights the trip
• fronting vlakem highlights the means of transport

One thing is less flexible, though: se still usually stays in its normal clitic position, so moje maminka se bojí is the most natural order.

Yes, exactly.

English often uses go very broadly, but Czech often chooses a more specific motion verb depending on how someone moves.

In this sentence:

• pojedeme = we will go by vehicle
• létat = to fly

This is very typical of Czech. Some common distinctions are:

• jít = go on foot
• jet = go by vehicle
• letět = go/fly by air
• plout = go by boat / sail

So Czech often forces you to express something that English may leave vague.