Na trhu je nový stánek, kde prodávají čerstvé sendviče se šunkou.

Because Czech often puts the place or setting first if that is the background information.

• Na trhu = at the market
• Then je nový stánek = there is a new stall

So the structure is very natural in Czech: At the market, there is a new stall...

If you changed the order to Nový stánek je na trhu, it would still be grammatical, but it would sound more like you are specifically talking about the stall rather than introducing it.

Because trh in the sense of market normally goes with the preposition na in Czech.

• na trhu = at the market
• literally it uses na, even though English uses at

This is just something you have to learn with the noun. Czech prepositions do not always match English ones directly.

Also, after na in this meaning, trh goes into the locative case:

• trh → trhu

Trhu is the locative singular form of trh.

The preposition na can take different cases depending on meaning, but in na trhu it expresses location, so it requires the locative.

Basic pattern:

• nominative: trh
• locative: na trhu

So na trhu literally means on/at the market, but in normal English you translate it as at the market.

Stánek usually means a stall, stand, or small booth, especially at a market, festival, or street event.

So in this sentence, nový stánek is:

• a new market stall
• a small place where food or goods are sold

It is not usually a full shop or store. It suggests something smaller and more temporary-looking.

Czech has no articles, so there is no separate word for a or the.

• nový stánek can mean a new stall or the new stall
• the exact meaning depends on context

In this sentence, since the stall is being introduced for the first time, English naturally translates it as a new stall.

Yes. In this sentence, je works like there is.

• je literally means is
• Na trhu je nový stánek = There is a new stall at the market

Czech often uses this simple is/are structure where English uses there is/there are.

So:

• Je tu škola. = There is a school here.
• Na stole je kniha. = There is a book on the table.

Kde means where.

It introduces a relative clause describing stánek:

• nový stánek, kde prodávají...
• a new stall where they sell...

So kde connects the main noun (stánek) with more information about that place.

This is a very common Czech pattern. The verb is in 3rd person plural with no stated subject, and it means something like:

• they sell
• people sell
• they’re selling

In English, we often translate this more naturally as:

• where they sell fresh ham sandwiches or
• where fresh ham sandwiches are sold

So prodávají does not necessarily refer to specific known people. It is often a general, impersonal way of saying that something is sold there.

Yes, that is also possible.

The difference is mainly in style and focus:

• kde prodávají čerstvé sendviče se šunkou
  = where they sell fresh ham sandwiches
• kde se prodávají čerstvé sendviče se šunkou
  = where fresh ham sandwiches are sold

The version with prodávají sounds very natural and conversational.
The version with se prodávají is a bit more passive/impersonal.

Čerstvé sendviče is in the accusative plural, because it is the direct object of prodávají.

They sell what?

• čerstvé sendviče

For inanimate masculine nouns like sendvič, the accusative plural is the same as the nominative plural:

• nominative plural: čerstvé sendviče
• accusative plural: čerstvé sendviče

That is why the form looks unchanged.

Both s and se mean with, but se is used when it is easier to pronounce.

Before some consonants or consonant clusters, Czech often uses se instead of s:

• se šunkou
• se sestrou
• se školou

So se šunkou is chosen for pronunciation reasons. It sounds smoother than s šunkou.

Šunkou is in the instrumental singular.

The preposition s / se meaning with requires the instrumental case.

So:

• nominative: šunka = ham
• instrumental: se šunkou = with ham

This is a very important pattern in Czech:

• s kamarádem = with a friend
• s mlékem = with milk
• se šunkou = with ham

In this context, it means ham sandwiches — sandwiches with ham as an ingredient/filling.

So sendviče se šunkou is the natural Czech way to say:

• sandwiches with ham
• ham sandwiches

Context makes this clear. At a food stall, nobody would normally understand it as sandwiches served on the side with ham.

A few useful pronunciation notes:

• trhu: the rh cluster can feel hard for English speakers. Czech r is trilled or tapped.
• stánek: long á, so hold it slightly longer: stá-
• čerstvé: č sounds like ch in chocolate
• sendviče: č again at the end, so roughly sen-dvi-che
• šunkou: š sounds like sh

A rough English-style approximation:

• Na trhu je nový stánek, kde prodávají čerstvé sendviče se šunkou
• na tr-hu ye no-vee staa-nek, gde pro-daa-va-yee cherst-vay send-vee-che se shoon-koh

Not perfect, but it helps as a starting point.

Czech word order is fairly flexible, but different orders change the focus or emphasis.

The original:

• Na trhu je nový stánek, kde prodávají čerstvé sendviče se šunkou.

This sounds natural because it first sets the scene (at the market) and then introduces the new thing (a new stall).

Other orders are possible, for example:

• Je na trhu nový stánek, kde prodávají čerstvé sendviče se šunkou.
• Nový stánek je na trhu, kde prodávají čerstvé sendviče se šunkou.

These are grammatical, but the original version is the most neutral and natural in everyday Czech.