U toho stánku na trhu prodává stará paní také borůvky.

The preposition u takes the genitive case in Czech.

So:

• ten stánek = that stall / the stall
• u toho stánku = at/by that stall

Here the forms are:

• toho = genitive singular of ten
• stánku = genitive singular of stánek

A useful basic pattern is:

• u domu = by the house
• u školy = by the school
• u stánku = by the stall

In this sentence, u toho stánku gives the location: at that stall.

Because na trhu expresses location, not movement.

In Czech, with na:

• na + accusative often means onto/to a place, with movement
• na + locative often means on/at a place, with location

So:

• na trh = to the market
• na trhu = at the market / in the market

Here the sentence describes where the selling happens, so Czech uses the locative:

• trh → na trhu

Prodává is 3rd person singular, so the subject is singular too.

The subject is stará paní = the old lady.

Czech word order is flexible, so the subject does not have to come before the verb. In this sentence:

• prodává = sells
• stará paní = old lady

Even though stará paní comes after the verb, it is still the subject because it is in the nominative form.

So the structure is roughly:

• At that stall in the market sells an old lady also blueberries
• natural English: At that stall in the market, an old lady also sells blueberries

Yes, you absolutely can say Stará paní prodává také borůvky.

Czech word order is much freer than English, and speakers often move parts of the sentence around to change focus or emphasis.

Compare:

• Stará paní prodává také borůvky.
  More neutral if you want to start with the subject.

• U toho stánku na trhu prodává stará paní také borůvky.
  This puts the place first, so the sentence starts by setting the scene: at that stall in the market...

So the word order here is natural and mainly reflects information structure, not a different basic meaning.

Také means also / too.

In this sentence, it most naturally means that the old lady sells blueberries as well, in addition to something else.

So:

• prodává také borůvky = also sells blueberries

Its position helps show what is being added. Here it is closely connected to borůvky, so the idea is:

• blueberries are another thing she sells

Czech also has taky, which means the same thing but is more colloquial:

• také = neutral / standard
• taky = more informal

Borůvky is the plural form: blueberries / bilberries.

In market-style contexts, Czech often uses the plural for things sold in quantities:

• jablka = apples
• jahody = strawberries
• borůvky = blueberries / bilberries

The singular borůvka means a blueberry / a bilberry, but that would sound odd here unless you really meant one single berry.

So prodává borůvky is the normal way to say she sells that fruit.

Usually stará paní means an old lady or an elderly woman. In many contexts it is neutral, but tone and situation matter.

A few nuances:

• paní is respectful: lady / Mrs. / woman
• stará simply means old

So together it often sounds like elderly lady rather than something harsh. Still, depending on context, Czech speakers might choose softer alternatives such as:

• starší paní = an older lady
• stará dáma = old lady, sometimes a bit more literary or stylized

In this sentence, stará paní is a normal descriptive phrase.

Czech has no articles like English the and a/an.

That means nouns often appear without any article at all, and the listener understands from context whether the meaning is definite or indefinite.

So:

• stará paní can mean an old lady or the old lady
• borůvky can mean blueberries or the blueberries, depending on context
• u toho stánku is more specifically at that stall, because toho already points to a particular stall

Czech uses other tools instead of articles, such as:

• context
• word order
• demonstratives like ten, ta, to = this/that/the one

Not very naturally.

A very literal order would be:

• At that stall at the market sells old lady also blueberries.

That is understandable, but not normal English.

A natural English translation would be something like:

• At that stall in the market, an old lady also sells blueberries.

This is a good example of how Czech and English organize sentences differently:

• Czech allows much freer word order
• English usually needs a clearer subject + verb order

So when learning Czech, it is often better to focus on case endings and sentence function rather than trying to match each word to English position-by-position.

Good question: borůvky often refers specifically to bilberries, which are closely related to blueberries but not exactly the same.

In many learner contexts, blueberries is given as the translation because it is the closest familiar English word. But botanically:

• borůvka / borůvky = usually bilberry / bilberries
• cultivated American-style blueberries may be called kanadské borůvky in some contexts

So in everyday learning materials, blueberries is often acceptable, but the Czech word can be a little more specific than the English translation suggests.