Měli bychom koupit ještě jednu láhev oleje a více brambor.

Měli bychom koupit is a very common Czech way to say we should buy.

It is built from:

• měli = the past participle of mít (to have)
• bychom = the conditional particle for we
• koupit = to buy (infinitive)

Literally, it is something like we would have to buy, but in normal English the best translation is simply we should buy.

So:

• Měli bychom koupit chléb. = We should buy bread.
• Měli bychom jít. = We should go.

This pattern is extremely useful in Czech:

• měl bych = I should
• měl bys = you should
• měl by = he should
• měli bychom = we should
• měli byste = you should
• měli by = they should

Both are possible, but Měli bychom is very natural and common.

Czech word order is more flexible than English, and short words like bychom often appear in the second position of the clause. In practice, both of these can occur:

• Měli bychom koupit...
• Bychom měli koupit...

But Měli bychom koupit... sounds more neutral and standard in many everyday situations.

So for a learner, it is best to get used to the pattern:

• Měl bych...
• Měli bychom...
• Měli byste...

These are the forms you will see and hear all the time.

Jednu is the feminine accusative singular form of jeden (one).

It agrees with láhev, which is a feminine noun.

Because koupit (to buy) takes a direct object, that object is in the accusative case. So one bottle becomes:

• jedna láhev = one bottle (nominative)
• jednu láhev = one bottle (accusative)

That is why the sentence has:

• ještě jednu láhev = one more bottle / another bottle

Because for this noun, the accusative singular has the same form as the nominative singular.

So:

• láhev = nominative singular
• láhev = accusative singular

This can feel strange at first if you expect every accusative to look different, but in Czech many nouns do not visibly change in some cases.

The important visible clue here is actually the adjective/number word:

• jedna láhev → nominative
• jednu láhev → accusative

So even though láhev itself stays the same, jednu shows you the case.

Oleje is in the genitive singular because Czech often uses the genitive after a container noun.

So:

• láhev oleje = a bottle of oil
• literally: bottle of oil

This is the same pattern as:

• sklenice vody = a glass of water
• šálek čaje = a cup of tea
• kilo cukru = a kilo of sugar

Here:

• láhev = bottle
• oleje = of oil

The basic noun is olej (oil), and its genitive singular is oleje.

Here ještě jednu means one more or another.

So:

• ještě jednu láhev oleje = one more bottle of oil
• or another bottle of oil

The word ještě often means still, yet, or more/additional, depending on context.

In this sentence, it adds the idea of an additional one.

Compare:

• jednu láhev oleje = one bottle of oil
• ještě jednu láhev oleje = one more bottle of oil

Because after více (more), Czech normally uses the genitive.

So:

• více brambor = more potatoes

Here:

• brambora = potato
• brambor = genitive plural

This is a very common pattern after quantity words and expressions, for example:

• hodně vody = a lot of water
• málo času = little time
• více lidí = more people
• méně peněz = less money

So více brambor is the correct structure.

Almost. They mean the same thing: more.

• více is a bit more formal or neutral in writing
• víc is very common in speech and informal language

So you could also hear:

• Měli bychom koupit ... a víc brambor.

That is normal in conversation.

But více brambor is a good standard form to learn.

Because Czech does not have articles like English a, an, and the.

So Czech simply says:

• láhev oleje = a bottle of oil / the bottle of oil, depending on context
• brambor = potatoes / of potatoes, depending on the grammar and context

You understand whether something is definite or indefinite from the situation, not from an article.

That is why the sentence does not need extra words corresponding to a or the.

Because Czech, like English, can avoid repetition when the meaning is clear.

So:

• Měli bychom koupit ještě jednu láhev oleje a více brambor.

means:

• We should buy one more bottle of oil and more potatoes.

You do not need to say koupit again, just like in English you would not usually say:

• We should buy one more bottle of oil and buy more potatoes.

The verb applies to both objects.

Usually it just means more potatoes in a general sense.

Czech often leaves definiteness unspecified, so context decides whether the speaker means:

• more potatoes in general
• more of the potatoes we are talking about

In most ordinary shopping contexts, více brambor simply means more potatoes.

Yes, very often.

You could say:

• ještě jednu láhev oleje
• další láhev oleje

Both can mean another bottle of oil.

There can be a slight nuance:

• ještě jednu strongly highlights one more
• další often means another / an additional

In many everyday contexts, they are interchangeable.

These are two separate objects of koupit, and both are governed by the verb.

1. ještě jednu láhev oleje

   • the main noun is láhev
   • it is in the accusative singular
   • oleje is genitive singular because it depends on láhev

2. více brambor

   • více is a quantity word
   • brambor is in the genitive plural after více

So the sentence contains:

• one direct object in the accusative-based structure
• one quantity expression where the noun appears in the genitive

That mixture is perfectly normal in Czech.

The dictionary form is brambora (potato).

In the sentence, you see brambor, which is the genitive plural form.

So:

• brambora = potato
• brambory = potatoes
• více brambor = more potatoes

This is a good example of how Czech noun forms can change quite a lot depending on case and number.

The basic meaning would stay the same in several different word orders, but the emphasis could change.

The given sentence is neutral and natural:

• Měli bychom koupit ještě jednu láhev oleje a více brambor.

Other possible orders might sound more emphatic or context-dependent, for example:

• Ještě jednu láhev oleje a více brambor bychom měli koupit.
• Měli bychom ještě koupit jednu láhev oleje a více brambor.

Czech word order is flexible, but not random. The original version is a very good standard model for learners.