Od rána mě bolí zub, proto dnes nechci jíst nic studeného.

Od rána means since the morning / since morning / all morning.

The preposition od usually takes the genitive case, so ráno becomes rána:

• ráno = morning
• od rána = since morning

This is a very common time expression in Czech. Similar examples:

• od včerejška = since yesterday
• od pondělí = since Monday

So the learner should recognize od + genitive here.

Yes, Czech expresses this differently from English.

In English, we say:

• My tooth hurts.

In Czech, a very common pattern is:

• Bolí mě zub.
• literally: A tooth hurts me.

The person who feels the pain is expressed by mě.
The thing that hurts is zub.

This same pattern is used with many body parts:

• Bolí mě hlava. = My head hurts.
• Bolí mě záda. = My back hurts.
• Bolí mě noha. = My leg hurts.

So even if it feels backwards to an English speaker, it is completely normal Czech.

Here mě is in the accusative.

With bolet (to hurt / ache), the person experiencing the pain is often expressed in the accusative:

• Bolí mě zub.
• Bolí tě hlava?
• Bolí ho v krku.

So:

• mě = me
• tě = you
• ho = him

This is one of those patterns you mostly have to learn as a set expression.

Because Czech often omits possessive pronouns with body parts when the owner is obvious from context.

So:

• Bolí mě zub. = My tooth hurts.
• Myl si ruce. = He washed his hands.
• Zlomila si nohu. = She broke her leg.

Using můj here would usually sound unnecessary unless you want emphasis or contrast.

So mě bolí zub is the natural everyday way to say it.

Proto means therefore / that’s why / for that reason.

In this sentence:

• Od rána mě bolí zub, proto dnes nechci jíst nic studeného.
• My tooth has been hurting since morning, therefore I don’t want to eat anything cold today.

This is different from protože, which means because.

Compare:

• Bolí mě zub, proto nejím nic studeného. = My tooth hurts, so I’m not eating anything cold.
• Nejím nic studeného, protože mě bolí zub. = I’m not eating anything cold because my tooth hurts.

So:

• proto = result
• protože = reason

That distinction is very important.

Because the sentence has two clauses:

1. Od rána mě bolí zub
2. proto dnes nechci jíst nic studeného

In Czech, when one clause is followed by another clause expressing a consequence like therefore / so / for that reason, a comma is normally used.

So the comma helps separate:

• the situation: my tooth hurts
• the consequence: I don’t want to eat anything cold today

Because after chtít (to want), Czech normally uses the infinitive of the second verb.

So:

• chci jíst = I want to eat
• nechci jíst = I don’t want to eat

This is similar to English, but without a separate word like to before the infinitive in Czech.

More examples:

• Chci spát. = I want to sleep.
• Nechci čekat. = I don’t want to wait.
• Chceme odejít. = We want to leave.

So nechci jíst is a completely standard structure.

This is a very common Czech pattern.

After words like:

• něco = something
• nic = nothing
• co = what

an adjective often appears in the genitive singular neuter form:

• něco dobrého = something good
• nic nového = nothing new
• co zajímavého = what interesting thing

So:

• nic studeného = nothing cold

Even though it feels strange at first, this is standard Czech grammar.

You can think of it as an understood omitted noun, something like:

• nic studeného [jídla / pití / nic cold-related thing]

But in practice, just learn the pattern:

• něco + adjective in -ého
• nic + adjective in -ého

Because with nic, Czech uses a fixed pattern where the adjective usually appears in the genitive singular neuter.

So the ending -ého in studeného is not agreeing with a visible noun here. It is the standard form used after these indefinite pronouns.

That is why you get:

• něco malého = something small
• nic důležitého = nothing important
• nic studeného = nothing cold

This is one of those patterns that becomes very natural after enough exposure.

Yes. Czech word order is more flexible than English word order.

This sentence could be rearranged somewhat, for example:

• Od rána mě bolí zub, proto dnes nechci jíst nic studeného.
• Od rána mě bolí zub, proto nic studeného dnes nechci jíst.
• Mě od rána bolí zub, proto dnes nechci jíst nic studeného.

But the original version sounds natural and neutral.

In Czech, word order often changes for:

• emphasis
• topic and focus
• style

So while several versions may be grammatically possible, the one given is a good standard model to learn.

Because jíst is the imperfective verb, and it fits the general meaning here: I don’t want to eat anything cold today.

• jíst = to eat, in general
• sníst = to eat up, to finish eating

If you said sníst, it would sound more like finishing some specific thing completely.

Compare:

• Nechci jíst nic studeného. = I don’t want to eat anything cold.
• Nechci sníst to studené jídlo. = I don’t want to eat up that cold food.

So jíst is the natural choice for a general statement about what kind of food the speaker wants to avoid.

Yes, mne is possible, but mě is much more common in everyday speech.

So:

• Bolí mě zub. = normal, everyday
• Bolí mne zub. = correct, but more formal or stylistically marked

For most learners, mě is the form to use in normal conversation.

Yes. Zub is singular: tooth.

If more than one tooth hurt, you would use the plural:

• Bolí mě zuby. = My teeth hurt.

The sentence specifically says one tooth hurts, so singular zub is correct.

This is another place where Czech is actually quite straightforward.