Říkám dětem, že zvíře v parku není hračka.

Breakdown of Říkám dětem, že zvíře v parku není hračka.

I
být
to be
v
in
park
the park
že
that
říkat
to tell
dítě
the child
zvíře
the animal
hračka
the toy
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Questions & Answers about Říkám dětem, že zvíře v parku není hračka.

Why is it dětem and not děti after Říkám?

In Czech, říkat / říct (to say, to tell) normally takes the person you speak to in the dative case.

Pattern:

  • říkat něco někomu = to say/tell something to someone

So:

  • děti = nominative/accusative plural (children as subject or direct object)
  • dětem = dative plural (to the children / for the children)

In this sentence, the children are the indirect object (the receivers of the information), so you must use dětem:

  • Říkám dětem … = I tell (to) the children …
What exactly does Říkám express? Is it like I say or I am saying?

Říkám is:

  • 1st person singular
  • present tense
  • imperfective aspect
  • from říkat (to say, to tell)

It can correspond to both:

  • I say / I tell (habitual, repeated action)
  • I am saying / I am telling (action happening now)

Czech doesn’t have a special continuous tense. Context decides whether Říkám dětem… is:

  • a general habit: I tell the children (regularly) that…
  • or right now: I’m telling the children that…
Why is there a comma before že?

In Czech, a comma is usually placed before že when it introduces a subordinate clause.

Structure:

  • Říkám dětem, že … = I tell the children that …

The part after že (zvíře v parku není hračka) is a full clause (subject + verb), so it is a subordinate clause, and Czech punctuation rules require a comma before že in such cases.

What is the function of že in this sentence?

že is a conjunction meaning that, introducing a content clause.

Pattern:

  • říkat, že… = to say / tell that…

So:

  • Říkám dětem, že zvíře v parku není hračka.
    = I tell the children that the animal in the park is not a toy.

The clause after že is what you are telling the children.

Why is zvíře used without any article, when in English we have the animal or an animal?

Czech has no articles (no a/an/the). The noun zvíře by itself can mean:

  • an animal
  • the animal
  • or animals in general (depending on context)

Context gives the specificity. Here, to an English speaker it feels like:

  • I tell the children that the animal in the park is not a toy.
    (because the children presumably know which animal is meant — e.g. the one they see in the park)

Czech doesn’t mark this difference with articles, so zvíře alone is enough.

Why is it v parku, and why does park change to parku?

The preposition v (in) usually requires the locative case when describing location.

Pattern:

  • v + locative = in/on/at (place)

park is a masculine inanimate noun:

  • nominative: park
  • locative: parku

So:

  • v parku = in the park

The -u ending shows that park is in the locative case, required by v in the meaning “in” (somewhere).

Does není hračka mean is not a toy or is no toy? And could you say není žádná hračka?

není hračka literally = is not (a) toy. English style:

  • is not a toy
  • is no toy (more emphatic in English)

You can also say:

  • není žádná hračka = is no toy at all / is not any toy

Czech allows double negation, so není žádná hračka is grammatically correct and even common:

  • není hračka – neutral negation
  • není žádná hračka – stronger, more emphatic (“absolutely not a toy”)
Why is the verb není and not something that agrees with zvíře or hračka in gender?

není is the 3rd person singular form of být (to be) in the present tense, negated:

  • je = he/she/it is
  • není = he/she/it is not

In the present tense, být doesn’t change form based on gender, only person and number. So:

  • pes není hračka (masc.) – the dog is not a toy
  • kočka není hračka (fem.) – the cat is not a toy
  • zvíře není hračka (neut.) – the animal is not a toy

In all these, the verb form is není.

Could the word order change, for example Říkám, že zvíře v parku není hračka dětem?

Czech word order is relatively flexible, but there are natural and unnatural orders.

Natural, neutral:

  • Říkám dětem, že zvíře v parku není hračka.

Other possible but different in emphasis:

  • Dětem říkám, že zvíře v parku není hračka.
    (emphasis on to the children specifically)
  • Říkám dětem, že to zvíře v parku není hračka.
    (emphasis on that animal in the park)

Říkám, že zvíře v parku není hračka dětem sounds incorrect/very odd, because dětem logically belongs with říkám (I say to the children), not with hračka. You normally keep dětem near říkám.

What is special about the pronunciation of Říkám dětem?

A few key pronunciation points:

  • Ř in Říkám is a unique Czech sound; it’s like a rolled/trilled r combined with ž.
  • í in Říkám is a long vowel: say it longer, like ee in see.
  • ďe in dětem is soft:
    • ď is a soft d produced with the tongue touching further back and the palate
    • ě after ď makes the consonant palatal and then sounds roughly like -ye-
      So is closer to dye than to de in English.

Altogether:

  • Říkám roughly like Rzhee-kahm (with the special ř)
  • dětem roughly like dyetem (with a soft ď
    • ě).
Why is zvíře neuter, but hračka is feminine? Does that affect anything here?

In Czech, each noun has a grammatical gender:

  • zvíře – neuter
  • hračka – feminine

In this sentence:

  • Both nouns are in the nominative case (subject and predicate noun):
    zvíře (subject) – hračka (what it is / is not)

The difference in gender:

  • does not change the form of není in the present tense
  • does not require any agreement here, because there is no adjective modifying them

If you added adjectives, they would agree with each noun separately:

  • to malé zvíře v parku není žádná roztomilá hračka
    (that little animal in the park is not any cute toy)
Could I say Říkám svým dětem, že zvíře v parku není hračka? What’s the difference from dětem?

Yes, that is perfectly correct.

  • Říkám dětem… = I tell (the) children…
    (it could be any children; the context may imply which children)
  • Říkám svým dětem… = I tell my children…
    (svým = my/own; dative plural of svůj)

So svým dětem just adds the possessive meaning my (own) children. Grammatically it’s still dative plural and fits the same říkat někomu pattern.