Květináč má nejen podmisku, ale i odtokový otvor.

It means not only ... but also ....

So:

• nejen podmisku = not only a saucer
• ale i odtokový otvor = but also a drainage hole

This is a very common Czech pairing. You may also see close variants such as:

• nejen ..., ale také ...
• nejen ..., ale dokonce i ... (stronger: not only ..., but even ...)

In this sentence, the structure connects two things the flowerpot has.

Because it is in the accusative singular.

The verb mít (to have) normally takes a direct object in the accusative case. The flowerpot has something, so the things it has must be in the accusative:

• nominative: podmiska
• accusative: podmisku

This is a regular pattern for many feminine nouns ending in -a:

• kniha → knihu
• tužka → tužku
• podmiska → podmisku

It is also in the accusative singular, but for this type of noun, the accusative looks the same as the nominative.

otvor is a masculine inanimate noun. For masculine inanimate nouns in the singular:

• nominative = accusative

So:

• nominative: odtokový otvor
• accusative: odtokový otvor

The adjective odtokový also matches the noun, and here its accusative singular masculine inanimate form is also the same as the nominative form.

Květináč is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence.

The subject is the thing doing the verb:

• Květináč = the flowerpot
• má = has

So the basic structure is:

• Květináč (subject, nominative)
• má (verb)
• podmisku / odtokový otvor (objects, accusative)

Má is the 3rd person singular present tense form of mít (to have).

So:

• já mám = I have
• ty máš = you have
• on/ona/ono má = he/she/it has

Since květináč is singular, Czech uses má:

• Květináč má ... = The flowerpot has ...

Yes. Ale i and ale také are both natural here.

So these are both fine:

• Květináč má nejen podmisku, ale i odtokový otvor.
• Květináč má nejen podmisku, ale také odtokový otvor.

Ale i can sound a bit lighter or more compact; ale také is also very common and clear. In many contexts, the difference is small.

Because Czech does not normally use articles like English a/an and the.

So květináč can mean:

• a flowerpot
• the flowerpot

And podmisku can mean:

• a saucer
• the saucer

Which one is intended depends on context. In a standalone sentence like this, English often has to choose one, but Czech does not mark that distinction directly.

Not completely. Czech word order is more flexible than English, but the chosen order affects emphasis and naturalness.

The sentence:

• Květináč má nejen podmisku, ale i odtokový otvor.

is a very natural neutral version.

You could also hear variations, depending on emphasis, for example:

• Nejen podmisku, ale i odtokový otvor má květináč.

This version puts stronger focus on what the flowerpot has, and sounds more marked or stylistic.

So the original order is the safest and most standard for learners.

Because Czech adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in gender, number, and case.

Here:

• otvor is masculine singular, accusative (same form as nominative because it is inanimate)
• odtokový matches it

So odtokový otvor is one unit meaning drainage hole or literally something like draining/outflow hole.

This agreement is one of the main clues for reading Czech sentences.

Because nejen usually appears right before the part it is focusing on.

Here it focuses on the first object:

• nejen podmisku = not only a saucer

That prepares the listener for the second matching part:

• ale i odtokový otvor = but also a drainage hole

So the sentence is balancing two parallel objects:

• object 1: podmisku
• object 2: odtokový otvor

Yes. Podmiska is a normal Czech word for a saucer, tray under a flowerpot, or similar shallow dish placed underneath something.

In the context of plants, it usually means the dish under the pot that catches excess water.

So in this sentence, podmiska is the little plate-like base under the flowerpot.

Then it would become a simple statement without the not only ... but also ... emphasis.

For example:

• Květináč má podmisku a odtokový otvor.

This means:

• The flowerpot has a saucer and a drainage hole.

That is grammatically fine, but it does not highlight the second item in the same way. The original sentence suggests that the second feature may be noteworthy or worth adding to what was already mentioned.