S výjimkou mikročipu má držitel psa všechno.

to have

Breakdown of S výjimkou mikročipu má držitel psa všechno.

• všechno: everything
• držitel psa: the dog keeper
• mikročip: the microchip

Questions & Answers about S výjimkou mikročipu má držitel psa všechno.

Why does the sentence begin with S výjimkou?

S výjimkou is a fixed expression meaning with the exception of or more naturally except for / apart from.

So:

• S výjimkou mikročipu = except for the microchip

It is a common formal or semi-formal way to introduce an exception.

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Why is it mikročipu and not mikročip?

Because s výjimkou is followed by a noun in the genitive.

The basic form is:

• mikročip = microchip

But after s výjimkou, it changes to the genitive singular:

• s výjimkou mikročipu

So this is not the subject of the sentence; it is part of the phrase meaning except for the microchip.

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Isn't s usually followed by the instrumental? Why not here?

Yes, the preposition s by itself often takes the instrumental, for example:

• s kamarádem = with a friend

But here, s is part of the fixed expression s výjimkou.

Inside that expression:

• výjimkou is instrumental singular of výjimka
• the noun after it, such as mikročipu, is in the genitive

So you should learn s výjimkou + genitive as one whole pattern.

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