Rozsah škody na vybavení je velký.

Because rozsah usually takes the genitive case: it means the extent of something.

So:

• rozsah = extent, scope
• škoda = damage
• rozsah škody = the extent of the damage

Here škody is the genitive singular of škoda.

This is very common in Czech with nouns like:

• konec filmu = the end of the film
• část města = part of the city
• rozsah problému = the extent of the problem

So rozsah škody is a normal noun + genitive combination.

Here na vybavení means to the equipment or on the equipment, depending on how you translate it naturally into English.

In Czech, škoda often combines with na + locative when talking about damage affecting something:

• škoda na majetku = damage to property
• škoda na zdraví = injury / damage to health
• škoda na vybavení = damage to equipment

So in this sentence:

• škody na vybavení = damage to the equipment

Even though English uses to, Czech uses na in this pattern.

It is in the locative case, because after na in this meaning, Czech uses the locative.

So the structure is:

• škoda na něčem = damage to something

The tricky part is that vybavení looks the same in several cases. It is a neuter noun ending in -í, and in the singular its locative form is also vybavení.

So although the form does not change visibly, the case is still locative.

Because velký agrees with the grammatical subject, which is rozsah.

• rozsah is a masculine inanimate noun
• therefore the predicate adjective is also masculine singular:
  • Rozsah ... je velký.

Compare:

• Škoda je velká. → škoda is feminine, so velká
• Rozsah škody je velký. → rozsah is masculine, so velký

This is an important point: the adjective agrees with rozsah, not with škody.

The subject is the whole noun phrase:

• Rozsah škody na vybavení

The head of that phrase is rozsah, so that is the noun controlling agreement.

The rest specifies what kind of extent we mean:

• škody = of the damage
• na vybavení = to the equipment

So literally the structure is:

• [The extent] [of damage] [to the equipment] [is great].

Because velký is an adjective, and it describes the noun rozsah.

• rozsah je velký = the extent is great / large

Using hodně here would not fit standard Czech, because hodně is usually an adverb or quantity word, not an adjective agreeing with a noun in this way.

So Czech says:

• je velký = is large/great

not:

• je hodně

Yes. This is a normal, neutral word order.

Czech word order is flexible, but this version is straightforward:

• Rozsah škody na vybavení = topic / what we are talking about
• je velký = what we say about it

You could change the order for emphasis, for example:

• Velký je rozsah škody na vybavení.

But that sounds more marked or stylistic. For ordinary neutral statement, the original sentence is the best choice.

Yes, but it does not mean exactly the same thing.

• Škoda na vybavení je velká. = The damage to the equipment is great.
• Rozsah škody na vybavení je velký. = The extent/scale of the damage to the equipment is great.

The first version talks directly about the damage itself. The second focuses more specifically on its extent or scope.

So they are close in meaning, but not identical in nuance.

No. Czech has no articles.

So:

• Rozsah škody na vybavení je velký.

can mean:

• The extent of the damage to the equipment is great
• or sometimes more generally Extent of damage to equipment is great, depending on context

English needs articles, but Czech does not mark definiteness that way.

Here vybavení is a noun, meaning equipment.

It comes from a verb-related form and can also mean furnishing, equipment, or outfit, depending on context.

In this sentence it is an abstract/collective noun:

• vybavení = equipment

So:

• škoda na vybavení = damage to the equipment

A more literal breakdown would be:

• Rozsah = extent
• škody = of damage
• na vybavení = to/on the equipment
• je velký = is great/large

So almost word-for-word:

• The extent of damage to the equipment is large.

That literal view helps show the grammar, even if the natural English translation might be phrased a bit differently.

No. Velký is correct, but other adjectives are possible depending on style and nuance, for example:

• značný = considerable
• značný rozsah škody = considerable extent of damage
• rozsáhlý is possible in some contexts, but it fits better with things that are extensive in area/scope

So velký is simple and natural, but not the only choice.

Because the phrase is built in layers:

1. rozsah škody = extent of damage
2. škody na vybavení = damage to the equipment

So the full noun phrase is:

• rozsah [škody na vybavení]

That is, na vybavení modifies škody, not rozsah.

Semantically this makes sense too:

• it is the damage that is to the equipment
• then we talk about the extent of that damage

So the structure is nested, not flat.