nà gè niánqīng de huàjiā dìyīcì kāi zhǎnlǎn de shíhou yòu xīngfèn yòu jǐnzhāng, jìngrán yí wǎnshang dōu méi shuì.

那 is a demonstrative (that), and 个 is a very common measure word (classifier) for people and many objects.

The basic structure is:

• 那 + 个 + noun = that + (measure word) + noun

So:

• 那个画家 = that painter
• 那个年轻的画家 = that young painter

You can sometimes see 那年轻的画家 in colloquial or written styles to sound a bit more vivid or casual, but the standard, neutral form is 那个年轻的画家. In ordinary learner Chinese, always include the measure word after 这 / 那:

• 这
  • 个
    • 学生 → 这个学生 (this student)
• 那
  • 个
    • 画家 → 那个画家 (that painter)

Both 的 are the same basic particle, used to connect an attributive phrase to a noun.

1. 年轻的画家

   • 年轻 (young) is describing 画家 (painter).
   • 年轻
     • 的
       • 画家 → the painter who is young → the young painter.

2. 开展览的时候

   • The whole phrase 开展览 (hold an exhibition) is describing a time.
   • 开展览
     • 的
       • 时候 → the time when (he) held an exhibition.

So the pattern is:

• [describing part] + 的 + [noun being described]

Examples:

• 我喜欢的画家 = the painter that I like
• 我们第一次见面的时候 = the time when we first met

第一次开展览的时候 literally means “the time when (he) held an exhibition for the first time”.

Breakdown:

• 第一次 – the first time
• 开展览 – to hold an exhibition
• …的时候 – the time when …

So:

• 第一次开展览的时候 = when he held an exhibition for the first time

You do not need 在 here:

• ✔ 第一次开展览的时候，他又兴奋又紧张…
• ✘ 在第一次开展览的时候，他又兴奋又紧张… (understandable, but 在 is unnecessary and less natural here)

的时候 is the standard way to turn a clause into a “when…” time phrase:

• 我上大学的时候 = when I was in college
• 他回家的时候 = when he went home / when he comes home

又…又… links two qualities or states that both apply at the same time.

In this sentence:

• 又兴奋又紧张 = both excited and nervous

Structure:

• 又 + adjective + 又 + adjective

You can use it with positive, negative, or mixed emotions:

• 又高又帅 – tall and handsome
• 又冷又下雨 – cold and rainy
• 又生气又难过 – angry and sad

It often sounds more natural if the two adjectives are compatible and describe the same thing or moment, as they do here (his emotional state).

竟然 adds a sense of surprise or unexpectedness. It’s like saying “actually / to one’s surprise / unexpectedly”.

• 竟然一晚上都没睡 ≈ He actually didn’t sleep the whole night! (implying: surprising, more than we would have thought)

If you remove 竟然:

• 一晚上都没睡 = didn’t sleep the whole night (a factual statement, more neutral)

So both are grammatically correct, but:

• With 竟然: you highlight that this fact is surprising.
• Without 竟然: you simply state what happened.

Here 都 emphasizes the extent or completeness of the time period. It’s like saying “the whole…” or “not even once during…”.

• 一晚上没睡 – didn’t sleep (for) one night
• 一晚上都没睡 – didn’t sleep the entire night, not at all

In negative sentences, 都 often reinforces “not even one” / “none at all”:

• 我一本书都没带。 – I didn’t bring even one book.
• 他一天水都没喝。 – He didn’t drink water all day / not even once.

So 一晚上都没睡 strongly suggests he stayed up the whole night without sleeping at all.

1. 没睡 vs 不睡

• 没 usually negates past or completed actions (or existence).
• 不 usually negates habitual, general, or future actions, or expresses unwillingness.

Here we’re talking about something that (didn’t) happen last night, so 没 is appropriate:

• 一晚上都没睡。 – He didn’t sleep the whole night.
• 我昨天没去。 – I didn’t go yesterday.

不睡 would sound like a general decision or refusal:

• 我今晚不睡。 – I’m not (going to) sleep tonight. (more like a plan or will)

2. 没睡 vs 没睡觉

Both are fine:

• 一晚上都没睡。
• 一晚上都没睡觉。

They have basically the same meaning here. 睡觉 is a common verb-object pair “sleep + sleep (noun)”, but in modern spoken Chinese, 睡 alone is very natural in this context.

Chinese often omits pronouns when they are clear from context.

In this sentence, the subject of the first part is:

• 那个年轻的画家 – that young painter

The second clause continues talking about the same person, so it is understood that he is the subject:

• （他）竟然一晚上都没睡。

In English, we must repeat he, but in Chinese repetition is often unnecessary and would sound heavy:

• ✔ 那个年轻的画家……竟然一晚上都没睡。
• ✘ 那个年轻的画家……他竟然一晚上都没睡。 (possible, but can sound redundant here unless you want extra emphasis)

Yes, 年轻画家 is also correct, and both forms are common:

• 年轻画家
• 年轻的画家

With simple, usually monosyllabic adjectives like 大, 小, 新, 老, 年轻, Chinese often drops 的 before a noun, especially in written or somewhat formal style:

• 老朋友 / 老的朋友 – old friend
• 新手机 / 新的手机 – new phone

Differences are subtle:

• 年轻画家 can sound a bit more compact, like a “type” or “category” (young painters as a group).
• 年轻的画家 sounds a bit more like “the painter, who is young” as an attribute in a sentence.

In this specific sentence, both are fine and very natural.

Here 开 means to open / to hold / to launch (an event).

• 开展览 ≈ to hold an exhibition
  (literally: open an exhibition)

Common similar uses of 开:

• 开会 – hold a meeting
• 开演唱会 – hold a concert
• 开运动会 – hold a sports meet

Just 展览 on its own is a noun (exhibition), or in some contexts a verb (to exhibit), but 开展览 is a very natural way to say “to put on / hold an exhibition” for the first time or at a certain time.

You could also say:

• 举办展览 – hold an exhibition (slightly more formal)
• 办展览 – hold an exhibition (colloquial)

Both relate to time, but they’re used differently.

• 时候 – “moment / when…”, used with clauses to form “when” phrases.
• 时间 – “time” in a more abstract, measurable sense (duration, available time).

With clauses, 的时候 is the normal way to say “when …”:

• 我上班的时候 – when I’m at work
• 她来的时候 – when she came / comes

If you said 第一次开展览的时间, it would mean “the time (date) of the first exhibition” (like something you could write on a poster), not “when he first held an exhibition” in a narrative sense.

So:

• 第一次开展览的时候 – when he held an exhibition for the first time (storytelling, background time)
• 第一次开展览的时间是五月一号。 – The time/date of his first exhibition is May 1st.

This is a regular tone-change rule for 一:

1. Before a fourth tone syllable (falling tone), 一 (yī) usually changes to yí (second tone).
2. Before a first, second, or third tone, it usually changes to yì (fourth tone).

晚 in 晚上 is third tone, so in isolation we might expect yì wǎnshang, but in practice in common phrases like 一晚上, you will often hear yí wǎnshang as a smoother sandhi pattern in real speech. Learner materials sometimes still mark it as yì, but dictionaries and teachers may accept yí for fluency.

More clear, textbook examples:

• 一个 → yí gè (个 = 4th tone)
• 一杯 → yì bēi (杯 = 1st tone)
• 一条 → yì tiáo (条 = 2nd tone)

The key point: the written 一 is the same word; the tone shifts in connected speech for ease of pronunciation.

Yes, Chinese time (and other) clauses are fairly flexible in position.

Original:

• 那个年轻的画家第一次开展览的时候又兴奋又紧张，竟然一晚上都没睡。

You could also say:

• 那个年轻的画家又兴奋又紧张，第一次开展览的时候竟然一晚上都没睡。

Both are grammatical. The difference is what you foreground:

• At the very beginning, 第一次开展览的时候 sets the time frame first.
• Later in the sentence, it sounds a bit more like extra information or explanation of the situation.

Putting time expressions before the main clause is very common and often feels more natural in Chinese:

• 昨天他很忙。 – Yesterday he was busy.
• 上大学的时候，我认识了他。 – When I was in college, I met him.