Jo prefereixo una tassa de te, però la meva filla vol un got de llet.

Not usually. Catalan often drops subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

• (Jo) prefereixo = I prefer
• (Tu) vols = you want
• (Ella) vol = she wants

So Jo prefereixo una tassa de te... is correct, but Prefereixo una tassa de te... is also correct.

Using Jo can add:

• emphasis
• contrast
• extra clarity

In this sentence, Jo helps set up the contrast with la meva filla:

• Jo prefereixo... però la meva filla vol...

Prefereixo is the 1st person singular present tense form of preferir.

• preferir = to prefer
• prefereixo = I prefer

This verb belongs to a group of Catalan verbs that often add -eix- in some present-tense forms.

Some present forms are:

• jo prefereixo = I prefer
• tu prefereixes = you prefer
• ell/ella prefereix = he/she prefers
• nosaltres preferim = we prefer
• vosaltres preferiu = you all prefer
• ells/elles prefereixen = they prefer

So the -eix- is just part of the normal conjugation pattern of this verb.

Because Catalan nouns have grammatical gender.

• tassa is feminine → una tassa
• got is masculine → un got

So the article must match the noun:

• una tassa = a cup
• un got = a glass

This is very common in Catalan:

• una cadira = a chair
• un llibre = a book

Because Catalan uses de to show what the container contains.

• una tassa de te = a cup of tea
• un got de llet = a glass of milk

This works much like English of.

You will see this pattern very often:

• una ampolla d’aigua = a bottle of water
• un plat d’arròs = a plate of rice
• una tassa de cafè = a cup of coffee

So here de links the container to its contents.

Yes. These are two different words:

• te = tea
• té = he/she has or you have (formal), from tenir

Examples:

• Vull te. = I want tea.
• Ella té un llibre. = She has a book.

The accent matters because it distinguishes the meanings.

So in your sentence:

• una tassa de te = a cup of tea

In Catalan, it is very common to use the definite article with possessives:

• la meva filla = my daughter
• el meu pare = my father
• la nostra casa = our house

This is different from English, where we normally say just my daughter without the.

So la meva filla is the normal Catalan pattern.

You may sometimes hear possessives without the article in certain set expressions or styles, but for everyday learning, article + possessive + noun is the safest pattern.

Vol is the 3rd person singular present tense of voler.

• voler = to want
• vol = he/she wants

So:

• la meva filla vol = my daughter wants

Some present-tense forms:

• jo vull = I want
• tu vols = you want
• ell/ella vol = he/she wants
• nosaltres volem = we want
• vosaltres voleu = you all want
• ells/elles volen = they want

Because after the container noun, Catalan normally just uses de + noun:

• una tassa de te
• un got de llet

You do not usually say:

• una tassa del te
• un got de la llet

Those forms would sound different and usually refer to a more specific, already identified tea or milk, not the normal general idea.

So for everyday expressions involving drinks and containers, use:

• de te
• de llet
• de cafè
• d’aigua

Però means but, and it is always written with a grave accent on the final ò.

• però = but

The accent is part of the standard spelling and also helps show the stressed vowel.

Example:

• Jo prefereixo te, però ella vol cafè.

So this is simply the correct spelling of the conjunction però.

Grammatically, you usually need the subject to be clear. If the subject changes, Catalan often states it explicitly.

In this sentence:

• first subject: jo
• second subject: la meva filla

If you only said:

• Jo prefereixo una tassa de te, però vol un got de llet

it could sound unclear, because vol is he/she wants, but you have not clearly said who he/she is.

So including la meva filla makes the contrast clear:

• I prefer tea, but my daughter wants milk.

This is the most natural basic order:

• Jo prefereixo una tassa de te, però la meva filla vol un got de llet.

Catalan usually follows a pattern similar to English:

• Subject + Verb + Object

So:

• Jo = subject
• prefereixo = verb
• una tassa de te = object

and then:

• la meva filla = subject
• vol = verb
• un got de llet = object

Catalan does allow some flexibility for emphasis, but for learners, this sentence uses the standard, safe word order.

These two words can be tricky for English speakers.

• filla = daughter
• llet = milk

In many varieties of Catalan:

• ll is often pronounced like a y sound in English yes, or sometimes a palatal l sound depending on accent and region.
• So filla sounds roughly like FEE-ya or FEE-lya
• llet sounds roughly like yet or lyet, depending on accent

Exact pronunciation varies across Catalan-speaking regions, so you may hear differences. The important thing at first is to recognize that ll is not usually pronounced like normal English l + l.

Yes, in many contexts you can.

• prefereixo = I prefer
• m’estimo més = I prefer / I’d rather

So:

• Jo prefereixo una tassa de te
• M’estimo més una tassa de te

Both can mean I prefer a cup of tea.

However, prefereixo is very straightforward and easy for learners, while m’estimo més is a common everyday alternative that may feel a little more idiomatic in some contexts.

So for learning this sentence, prefereixo is perfectly natural and clear.