بعد الغداء أشرب قهوة مع أمي في الشرفة.

In Arabic, it is very common to begin a sentence with a time expression like بعد الغداء (after lunch) to set the scene first.

So:

• بعد الغداء = after lunch
• أشرب قهوة مع أمي في الشرفة = I drink coffee with my mother on the balcony

A more literal order in English would be:

• After lunch, I drink coffee with my mother on the balcony.

Arabic word order is flexible, so starting with the time phrase sounds natural.

بعد means after.

It is usually followed by a noun, so:

• بعد الغداء = after lunch
• literally: after the lunch

Here, بعد is part of an idafa-like structure in meaning, where the following noun specifies after what.

Other examples:

• بعد الدرس = after the lesson
• بعد العمل = after work
• بعد الصلاة = after the prayer

Both can occur, but بعد الغداء is very natural because Arabic often uses the definite article in expressions like this.

• الغداء = the lunch / lunch
• بعد الغداء = after lunch

Even though English usually says just after lunch, Arabic often prefers the in these time expressions.

You may also hear بعد غداء in some contexts, but بعد الغداء is the more standard and expected phrasing here.

أشرب means I drink.

It comes from the verb:

• شَرِبَ = he drank / to drink

The form أشرب is the 1st person singular in the present tense, so it means:

• I drink
• sometimes also I am drinking, depending on context

In this sentence, it expresses a regular or simple action:

• After lunch, I drink coffee...

By itself, أشرب is the present/imperfect form, and its exact meaning depends on context. It can mean:

• I drink
• I am drinking
• sometimes I will drink if the context makes that clear

But in plain MSA, if you want to clearly mark the future, you often use:

• سأشرب = I will drink
• سوف أشرب = I will drink

So in your sentence, أشرب is best understood as I drink.

Because the verb already includes the subject.

• أشرب already means I drink

So Arabic does not need a separate pronoun like أنا unless you want emphasis.

Compare:

• أشرب قهوة = I drink coffee
• أنا أشرب قهوة = I drink coffee / I drink coffee

The second version sounds more emphatic or contrastive.

Here قهوة means coffee in a general, indefinite sense, not a specific coffee already known to both speakers.

So:

• أشرب قهوة = I drink coffee / I drink some coffee

If you said:

• أشرب القهوة

that would mean something more like:

• I drink the coffee

This usually refers to a specific coffee already mentioned or understood from context.

In Arabic, indefinite nouns often appear without الـ.

Arabic often leaves this idea unspoken.

• قهوة can mean coffee or some coffee, depending on context.

English often uses some, but Arabic does not need a separate word here.

So:

• أشرب قهوة = I drink coffee / I drink some coffee

This is completely natural.

مع means with.

So:

• مع أمي = with my mother

The word أمي breaks down like this:

• أم = mother
• أمي = my mother

The ـي ending is the possessive suffix meaning my.

So:

• أبي = my father
• أخي = my brother
• أختي = my sister
• أمي = my mother

Arabic often adds suffixes directly to nouns to show possession.

Here:

• أم = mother
• ـي = my

Together:

• أم + ي = أمي = my mother

In careful grammar, this affects the ending of the noun, but in normal written Arabic without full case endings, you simply see أمي.

This is one of the most common possession patterns in Arabic.

في usually means in, on, or at, depending on context.

• في الشرفة = on the balcony / in the balcony area

The noun:

• الشرفة = the balcony

In English, we normally say on the balcony, but Arabic uses في very naturally here.

So do not translate prepositions too literally word-for-word. Arabic and English often choose different prepositions.

الشرفة includes الـ, so it means the balcony.

This is natural if the balcony is a specific known place, such as the balcony of the house.

So:

• في شرفة = on a balcony
• في الشرفة = on the balcony

In many everyday situations, Arabic uses the definite form when the place is understood or specific.

Yes, Arabic word order is flexible.

This sentence says:

• أشرب قهوة = I drink coffee
• مع أمي = with my mother
• في الشرفة = on the balcony

You can often move these extra phrases around, for example:

• بعد الغداء أشرب قهوة في الشرفة مع أمي
• أشرب بعد الغداء قهوة مع أمي في الشرفة

These can all be understandable, though some may sound more natural than others depending on emphasis and style.

The original sentence is smooth and neutral.

The main clause is a verbal sentence because its core is built around the verb أشرب.

Main structure:

• أشرب = verb
• implied subject = I
• قهوة = object

Then you have extra phrases:

• بعد الغداء = time phrase
• مع أمي = accompaniment phrase
• في الشرفة = place phrase

Even though the sentence begins with بعد الغداء, the main clause is still verbal because the action center is أشرب.

The direct object is قهوة.

Why?

Because it is the thing being drunk:

• أشرب = I drink
• قهوة = coffee

So:

• I drink what? → coffee

That makes قهوة the direct object of the verb.

Yes. In fully vocalized formal Arabic, the sentence would usually appear with case endings, something like:

• بَعْدَ الغَدَاءِ أَشْرَبُ قَهْوَةً مَعَ أُمِّي فِي الشُّرْفَةِ

Here you can see:

• بعدَ with fatḥa
• الغداءِ with kasra after بعد
• أشربُ with ḍamma
• قهوةً as an indefinite accusative object
• معَ
• في
• الشرفةِ after في

But in normal everyday printed Arabic, these short vowels are usually omitted.

The word قهوة is grammatically feminine because it ends with ـة (taa marbuuṭa), which is a common sign of feminine nouns.

So:

• قهوة = coffee
• feminine noun

This matters when adjectives or pronouns refer to it. For example:

• قهوة ساخنة = hot coffee

The adjective ساخنة is feminine to match قهوة.

You could add a word such as:

• عادةً = usually
• غالبًا = often

For example:

• بعد الغداء أشرب عادةً قهوة مع أمي في الشرفة.
• بعد الغداء أشرب غالبًا قهوة مع أمي في الشرفة.

Without these words, the original sentence can still sound habitual depending on context. Arabic often relies on context more than English does.

Not very naturally by itself.

The form أشرب can in some contexts refer to present-time action, but this sentence more naturally sounds like:

• a routine
• a general statement
• or a simple present event

If you want to strongly suggest an action happening right now, Arabic usually adds context, such as:

• الآن = now
• أنا أشرب الآن قهوة مع أمي في الشرفة.

So the original sentence is best understood as a simple present or habitual statement.