بعد ساعة كانت رائحة الخبز واللحم في البيت جميلة، وكان الطعام لذيذا جدا.

It means after an hour or an hour later.

Grammatically:

• بعد is a time expression meaning after
• ساعةٍ is the noun after it, meaning an hour

In full vocalization, it is بعدَ ساعةٍ. The noun after بعد is in the genitive because بعد forms an iḍāfa-like construction with it.

Because the noun connected to كان is رائحة , and رائحة is feminine singular.

So:

• كان = masculine singular
• كانت = feminine singular

Since رائحة means smell or scent and is a feminine noun, Arabic uses كانت.

This is an iḍāfa construction, meaning the smell of the bread and the meat.

Breakdown:

• رائحة = smell / scent
• الخبز = the bread
• اللحم = the meat

So literally it is:

• رائحة الخبز = the smell of the bread
• رائحة الخبز واللحم = the smell of the bread and the meat

The nouns after the first noun are in the genitive relationship.

Because in an iḍāfa, the first noun usually does not take ال.

So Arabic says:

• رائحة الخبز = the smell of the bread

not:

• الرائحة الخبز

Even without ال on رائحة, the whole phrase can still be definite because the second part is definite.

Because it describes رائحة, which is feminine.

Arabic adjectives agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness
• case

So since رائحة is feminine singular, the adjective is جميلة and not جميل.

Here جميلة is the predicate of كان, not a directly attached adjective inside the noun phrase.

The structure is basically:

• رائحة الخبز واللحم ... جميلة = the smell of the bread and meat ... was beautiful / pleasant

In Arabic, the predicate in this kind of sentence is often indefinite when it gives a description.

So:

• كانت رائحة الخبز واللحم في البيت جميلةً means
• the smell of the bread and meat in the house was pleasant

It is in the accusative because it is the predicate of كان.

With كان and its sisters:

• the noun of كان is nominative
• the predicate of كان is accusative

So in full vocalization:

• كانت رائحةُ الخبزِ واللحمِ في البيتِ جميلةً

In normal unvowelled writing, that final case ending is usually not shown.

Arabic word order is flexible, so في البيت can be placed in different positions depending on style and emphasis.

Here it comes before جميلة:

• كانت رائحة الخبز واللحم في البيت جميلة

This naturally gives:

• the smell of the bread and meat in the house was pleasant

The phrase في البيت tells you where that smell was present.

Because الطعام is masculine singular.

So the verb is:

• كان with masculine singular nouns
• كانت with feminine singular nouns

Since الطعام is masculine, Arabic uses كان.

Because لذيذاً is the predicate of كان, so it is in the accusative.

Full form:

• وكان الطعام لذيذاً جداً

Without case endings in ordinary text, you often just see لذيذا or even لذيذ depending on how carefully the text is written, but the full grammatical form is لذيذاً.

This is because of how the accusative tanwīn is written.

• لذيذ becomes لذيذًا
• جميلة becomes جميلةً

With many masculine nouns and adjectives, the fatḥatayn is written with an extra ا.
But with words ending in ة, like جميلة, that extra ا is not added.

جداً means very.

In Arabic, جداً usually comes after the adjective it modifies:

• لذيذ جداً = very delicious
• جميل جداً = very beautiful / very nice

So:

• وكان الطعام لذيذاً جداً means
• and the food was very delicious

It puts the description into the past.

Compare:

Without كان:

• رائحة الخبز واللحم في البيت جميلة
• الطعام لذيذ These are present-time descriptions.

With كان:

• كانت رائحة الخبز واللحم في البيت جميلة
• وكان الطعام لذيذاً جداً These become past-time descriptions:
• the smell was pleasant
• the food was very delicious

Because Arabic often uses ال when the things are specific in context or understood by speaker and listener.

Here it sounds like the sentence is talking about the actual bread and meat being prepared in the house, not bread and meat in a totally abstract sense.

So الخبز واللحم is very natural here.

Yes. In Arabic, جميل / جميلة can describe more than just visual beauty. It can also mean pleasant, lovely, or nice in a broader sense.

So for a smell, جميلة is understood as pleasant or wonderful-smelling, even if English might not usually say beautiful smell in the same context.