أنا أنتظر دقيقة في محطة القطار، ثم أعود إلى البيت.

No—Arabic verb conjugation already shows the subject, so you can usually drop أنا and simply say أنتظر دقيقةً في محطة القطار، ثم أعود إلى البيت.
أنا is included for emphasis/contrast (e.g., “I am waiting…”, not someone else) or for clarity in some contexts.

أنتظر is the imperfect (non-past) form, 1st person singular: I wait / I am waiting.
Modern Standard Arabic often uses the imperfect for both simple present and present continuous; context supplies the nuance.

The initial أ- is the 1st-person marker in the imperfect:

• أنتظر = I wait
• تنتظر = you (m/f) wait
• ينتظر = he waits
• تنتظر = she waits

The verb itself is اِنتَظَرَ / يَنتَظِرُ (Form VIII). It’s related to the root ن ظ ر, with the meaning “to wait” in this form.

On its own, دقيقة can function like “a minute” in English in this kind of sentence (“wait a minute”).
If you want to be explicit about “one minute,” you can say:

• دقيقةً واحدةً (one minute)

In fully vowelled MSA, you often see دقيقةً with tanwīn because it’s the object of أنتظر.

In formal, fully vocalized MSA, you could mark case endings:

• أنتظرُ دقيقةً في محطّةِ القطارِ...

In normal modern writing, short vowels and most case endings are usually not written, even in MSA, because educated readers infer them from grammar and context.

محطة القطار is an iḍāfa (construct phrase): station of the train → “train station.”
Rules (simplified):

• The first noun (محطة) usually has no الـ.
• The second noun (القطار) can take الـ.
• If the second noun is definite, the whole phrase becomes definite: محطة القطار = “the train station.”

If you said المحطة القطار, that would not form a correct iḍāfa.

في literally means “in,” and it’s commonly used for being “at/in” places: في محطة القطار = “at the train station.”
You might also hear عند محطة القطار (“at/near the station”), which can feel more like “by the station/at the station area,” depending on context.

Both can mean “then,” but:

• ثم usually suggests a pause/delay or a clear step after some time.
• فـ often suggests immediate sequence or quick progression.

So ثم أعود implies “then (after that / after a bit) I return.”

أعود is the imperfect 1st person singular of عادَ / يَعودُ (“to return”).

• أعود = I return / I’m returning

Note the long vowel ū sound in the middle (written with و): أعـوْد (phonologically aʿūdu in fully vowelled form).

إلى means “to,” and Arabic typically uses a preposition to show movement toward a destination: أعود إلى البيت = “I return to the house/home.”
Yes, إلى المنزل is also very common and often equivalent to “to the house/home.”

• البيت can feel like “home” in many contexts.
• المنزل is more like “the residence/house” and can sound slightly more formal/neutral.

It’s flexible. Common options:

• أنتظر دقيقةً في محطة القطار، ثم أعود إلى البيت. (very natural)
• أنا أنتظر... (adds emphasis)
• You can also rearrange for focus, but the given order is already straightforward and natural in MSA.