مبارح اشتريت تلفون جديد.

It is Levantine Arabic.

A few clues:

• مبارح = yesterday in Levantine. In MSA, you would usually say أمس.
• تلفون is a common colloquial word for phone/telephone. In MSA, هاتف is more formal.
• The whole sentence feels natural in spoken Levantine.

A more MSA-like version would be:

• أمس اشتريت هاتفًا جديدًا

Because the verb اشتريت already tells you the subject is I.

In the past tense, Arabic verbs include the subject in their endings. Here:

• اشتريت = I bought
• the final ـت marks first person singular

So Arabic does not need a separate أنا unless you want emphasis or contrast.

For example:

• مبارح اشتريت تلفون جديد = Yesterday I bought a new phone
• مبارح أنا اشتريت تلفون جديد = Yesterday, I bought a new phone
  This sounds more emphatic, like stressing that I was the one who bought it.

اشتريت means I bought.

It comes from the verb اشترى = to buy.

In the past tense:

• اشترى = he bought
• اشتريت = I bought

The important part for a beginner is:

• ـت at the end often signals I in the past tense

So if you learn to spot that ending, you can recognize many past-tense forms more easily.

Because in Arabic, adjectives normally come after the noun they describe.

So:

• تلفون جديد = a new phone

Not:

• جديد تلفون

This is the normal Arabic pattern:

• noun + adjective

More examples:

• بيت كبير = a big house
• سيارة سريعة = a fast car

Yes. Arabic adjectives agree with the noun they describe.

Since تلفون is:

• masculine
• singular
• indefinite

the adjective is also:

• masculine
• singular
• indefinite

So you get:

• تلفون جديد

If the noun were feminine, the adjective would usually change too. For example:

• سيارة جديدة = a new car

If the noun were definite, the adjective would also become definite:

• التلفون الجديد = the new phone

Because Arabic does not have an indefinite article like English a/an.

So:

• تلفون جديد literally looks like phone new
• but it means a new phone

Arabic often leaves indefiniteness unmarked in everyday Levantine.

Compare:

• تلفون جديد = a new phone
• التلفون الجديد = the new phone

The الـ makes it definite.

Starting with مبارح puts the time first: Yesterday, I bought a new phone.

This is very natural in Arabic, especially in speech. Arabic often moves time expressions to the front.

You could also hear other word orders in conversation, depending on emphasis, such as:

• اشتريت تلفون جديد مبارح

That also means the same thing, but مبارح اشتريت... is a very common and natural way to frame the sentence.

A common pronunciation is roughly:

• mbaareḥ

A few notes:

• The first part sounds like mba-
• The ا gives a long aa
• The last letter ح is a strong breathy h sound, not the ordinary English h

That final ح is important in Levantine pronunciation.

No, it is a borrowed word, ultimately from telephone.

That is very common in spoken Arabic. Levantine uses many everyday borrowed words, especially for modern objects.

For phone, you may hear:

• تلفون
• موبايل

Both are common, though the most natural choice can depend on region and context.

Because this is spoken Levantine, not formal MSA.

In Modern Standard Arabic, nouns often show case endings in careful grammar, for example:

• هاتفًا جديدًا

But in Levantine speech, those endings are dropped. That is why the sentence appears as:

• تلفون جديد

This is one of the big differences between colloquial Arabic and MSA.

Grammatically, yes, but it would sound more formal and less naturally Levantine in everyday speech.

• مبارح = normal spoken Levantine
• أمس = formal/literary MSA

So if you are aiming for natural conversation, مبارح is the better choice here.

There can definitely be pronunciation differences across Levantine regions and even between speakers.

In writing, اشتريت is a common way to represent the verb. In actual speech, vowels may shift or get reduced depending on dialect.

So the written form is useful and standard enough for learners, but you should expect some variation when listening to real people.

That is very normal in spoken Arabic.