Die slagoffer is by die polisiestasie.

Because die is the Afrikaans definite article, meaning the.

So in this sentence:

• Die slagoffer = the victim
• die polisiestasie = the police station

Afrikaans uses die for singular and plural nouns, and it does not change for gender. That makes it much simpler than languages that have different forms for the.

Yes. Is is the present-tense form of the verb to be, just like English is.

In this sentence:

• Die slagoffer is ... = The victim is ...

Afrikaans verbs are usually much less complicated than English verbs. For example, is stays is and does not change the way English verbs often do across different forms.

Here by most naturally means at.

So by die polisiestasie means at the police station.

Afrikaans by often covers meanings that English expresses with:

• at
• by
• sometimes near, depending on context

So the exact English translation depends on the situation. In this sentence, at the police station is the most likely meaning.

Yes, but the meaning changes slightly.

• by die polisiestasie = at the police station
  This can mean at the location in a general sense.
• in die polisiestasie = in the police station
  This specifically means inside the building.

So if you want to emphasize that the victim is physically inside the station, in is better. If you just mean the victim is there at that place, by is very natural.

Because in a simple main clause, Afrikaans often looks quite close to English.

This sentence follows the pattern:

• Die slagoffer = subject
• is = verb
• by die polisiestasie = prepositional phrase

So it is basically:

• subject + verb + place

That said, Afrikaans also has the verb-second rule, so word order can change in other sentence types. But in this basic statement, it looks very familiar to an English speaker.

Yes. Afrikaans often forms compound nouns by writing them as a single word.

So:

• polisie = police
• stasie = station
• polisiestasie = police station

English usually writes police station as two words, but Afrikaans commonly joins words like this into one compound noun.

A helpful approximate pronunciation is:

slakh-offer

A bit more carefully:

• slag sounds roughly like slakh with a guttural g
• offer sounds similar to off-er

The g in Afrikaans is not like the English g in go. It is usually a throaty sound, like the ch in some Scottish pronunciations of loch.

A rough guide is:

po-lee-SEE-stah-see

Breakdown:

• po as in police without the final sound
• li = lee
• sie often sounds like see
• stasie sounds roughly like stah-see

Stress can vary a bit in natural speech, but that pronunciation will be understood.

No. Afrikaans does not have grammatical gender in the way many European languages do.

That means:

• no masculine the
• no feminine the
• no neuter the

You just use die for the, regardless of the noun.

So die slagoffer and die polisiestasie both use the same article.

Its main meaning is victim.

Depending on context, it can refer to:

• a crime victim
• an accident victim
• someone harmed by a situation

So it is a broad word, much like English victim. In older or more formal contexts, related words can have religious or sacrificial meanings, but in normal modern usage, slagoffer usually just means victim.

Yes, but not very much:

• Die slagoffers is by die polisiestasie = incorrect
• Die slagoffers is by die polisiestasie may sometimes be heard in very colloquial speech, but standard Afrikaans uses:
• Die slagoffers is by die polisiestasie? Actually, standard Afrikaans keeps is for are only in some contexts? No — the correct standard form is:
• Die slagoffers is by die polisiestasie is not standard.

The correct standard sentence is:

• Die slagoffers is by die polisiestasie — this needs correction to:
• Die slagoffers is by die polisiestasie

To be precise: Afrikaans uses is for is, but are is normally is in some learner assumptions because Afrikaans verb agreement is simplified. However, with to be, standard Afrikaans uses is in the present tense.

So the plural form is:

• Die slagoffers is by die polisiestasie

What changes is mainly the noun:

• slagoffer = victim
• slagoffers = victims

And die still stays the same.

Yes — it shows how streamlined Afrikaans grammar often is.

A few useful points:

• die does not change for gender
• the verb is is simple
• there is no case marking on the nouns
• the place phrase is built very directly with by + die + noun

So even though the sentence may look simple, it already shows one of the big advantages of Afrikaans for English speakers: the grammar is often more regular and less inflected than in many other languages.