Ten spyte daarvan dat gesondheidsvraelyste tyd neem, bly geskiktheidskontroles nodig.

Yes. Ten spyte daarvan dat is a set expression meaning despite the fact that or in spite of the fact that.

It is built like this:

• ten spyte van = in spite of / despite
• daarvan = of that
• dat = that

In practice, Afrikaans uses ten spyte daarvan dat when a full clause follows:

• Ten spyte daarvan dat gesondheidsvraelyste tyd neem ... = Despite the fact that health questionnaires take time ...

If only a noun follows, you would normally use ten spyte van without dat.

Here bly means remain, not stay in a physical-location sense.

So:

• bly nodig = remain necessary

Compare:

• Die kontroles bly nodig. = The checks remain necessary.
• Hy bly by die huis. = He stays at home.

Same verb, different context.

This is because Afrikaans main clauses normally follow a verb-second pattern.

The first position in the sentence is already taken by the opening clause:

• Ten spyte daarvan dat gesondheidsvraelyste tyd neem

So in the main clause, the finite verb must come next:

• bly geskiktheidskontroles nodig

If you remove the opening clause, the more basic order is:

• Geskiktheidskontroles bly nodig.

So the fronted clause causes the verb bly to move before the subject.

Because dat introduces a subordinate clause, and in Afrikaans subordinate clauses the finite verb typically goes to the end.

So:

• main clause: Gesondheidsvraelyste neem tyd.
• subordinate clause: ... dat gesondheidsvraelyste tyd neem

That final neem is completely normal after dat.

Yes. Afrikaans, like Dutch and German, very often writes compound nouns as one word.

Gesondheidsvraelyste is made up of:

• gesondheid = health
• vraelyste = questionnaires

So the singular is:

• gesondheidsvraelys = health questionnaire

And the plural is:

• gesondheidsvraelyste = health questionnaires

The linking -s- is common in Afrikaans compounds.

It is another compound noun:

• geskiktheid = suitability / fitness / appropriateness
• kontroles = checks / inspections / screenings

So geskiktheidskontroles means something like:

• suitability checks
• fitness checks
• screening checks

The best English wording depends on context, but grammatically it is just one plural compound noun.

Because Afrikaans often leaves out the article when speaking about things in general.

So:

• gesondheidsvraelyste = health questionnaires in general
• geskiktheidskontroles = fitness/suitability checks in general

If you wanted to say the specific checks, you could use die:

• Die geskiktheidskontroles bly nodig.

But in your sentence, the meaning is general, so no article is needed.

Nodig means necessary or needed. Here it is a predicative adjective, meaning it comes after a linking verb and describes the subject.

• Geskiktheidskontroles bly nodig. = Suitability checks remain necessary.

Afrikaans adjectives usually do not take endings when they are used this way. So it stays:

• nodig

not something like nodige.

You would more often see adjective endings when an adjective comes before a noun:

• nodige kontroles = necessary checks

Yes, absolutely. Tyd neem is a normal and standard way to say take time.

So:

• Gesondheidsvraelyste neem tyd. = Health questionnaires take time.

You may also hear tyd vat in more informal speech, but tyd neem is very standard and neutral.

Yes. A natural alternative would be:

• Alhoewel gesondheidsvraelyste tyd neem, bly geskiktheidskontroles nodig.

That means Although health questionnaires take time, suitability checks remain necessary.

The difference is mostly one of style and nuance:

• alhoewel = although
• ten spyte daarvan dat = despite the fact that / in spite of the fact that

The version with ten spyte daarvan dat sounds a bit more formal and emphatic.