Questions & Answers about Er ist sehr schnell gelaufen.
Why does the sentence use ist instead of hat?
In English, we say "He has run", but German handles this differently. Verbs that describe physical movement from one place to another (like running, walking, or flying) use a form of sein (to be) as their helper verb instead of haben (to have). That's why we say Er ist ... gelaufen.
Why is gelaufen at the very end of the sentence?
This is a classic German word order rule for the conversational past tense (the Perfekt). The helper verb (ist) takes the second position in the sentence, and the past action word, or past participle (gelaufen), gets kicked all the way to the end.
Why does gelaufen end in "-en"? Shouldn't past tense words end in "-t"?
Not always! Regular ("weak") verbs do end in "-t", like gemacht or gespielt. However, many common German verbs are "strong". Strong verbs like laufen usually start with ge- but keep the -en ending in the past tense. You just have to memorize these irregular forms as you learn them.
Does schnell change its spelling because it's describing how he ran?
No, it stays exactly the same. In German, words that describe an action (adverbs) look identical to their basic dictionary form. You don't need to add an "-ly" equivalent or any special endings to schnell when using it to mean "quickly" or "fast".