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### Talking About the Weather

Use **das Wetter** to talk about the weather generally.

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### The Impersonal "es"

Just like in English, German uses the impersonal pronoun **es** (it) as the subject for weather verbs like **regnen** (to rain) and **schneien** (to snow).

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### Describing Conditions with "es ist"

To describe temperatures and conditions, use **es ist** with adjectives like **kalt** (cold), **warm** (warm), **kühl** (cool), or **windig** (windy).

To say it is sunny, Germans typically say that the sun is shining (**die Sonne scheint**).

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Remember: if you start a sentence with a time or location like **draußen** (outside), the conjugated verb stays in the second position. This pushes **es** to the third spot.

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### Using "es gibt" for Weather

You can also use the impersonal phrase **es gibt** (there is / there are) with nouns like **der Regen** (the rain) or **der Schnee** (the snow).

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Weather and conditions (es regnet)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Subordinate clauses for reasons (weil)

Question	Answer
the weather	das Wetter
bad	schlecht
The weather is very bad today.	Das Wetter ist heute sehr schlecht.
to rain	regnen
outside	draußen
It is raining outside.	Es regnet draußen.
the rain	der Regen
The rain is cold.	Der Regen ist kalt.
warm	warm
the sun	die Sonne
to shine	scheinen
It is warm and the sun is shining.	Es ist warm und die Sonne scheint.
to snow	schneien
the snow	der Schnee
It snows often and the snow is beautiful.	Es schneit oft und der Schnee ist schön.
cool	kühl
windy	windig
Outside it is cool and windy.	Draußen ist es kühl und windig.
It is raining and she is taking the umbrella.	Es regnet und sie nimmt den Schirm.
It is cold and he is wearing a jacket.	Es ist kalt und er trägt eine Jacke.
There is a lot of snow here.	Hier gibt es viel Schnee.
Is it warm and windy today?	Ist es heute warm und windig?
It is not snowing, but it is cool.	Es schneit nicht, aber es ist kühl.
The weather is beautiful and there is no rain today.	Das Wetter ist schön und es gibt heute keinen Regen.
The weather is bad and the sun is not shining.	Das Wetter ist schlecht und die Sonne scheint nicht.
sunny	sonnig
Today it is sunny.	Heute ist es sonnig.
The sun is shining, it is sunny.	Die Sonne scheint, es ist sonnig.
cloudy	bewölkt
It is cloudy.	Es ist bewölkt.
Today it is cloudy and cool.	Heute ist es bewölkt und kühl.
dry	trocken
The weather is dry.	Das Wetter ist trocken.
It is not raining, it is dry.	Es regnet nicht, es ist trocken.
the wind	der Wind
The wind is cold.	Der Wind ist kalt.
It is windy and the wind is coming.	Es ist windig und der Wind kommt.

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