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### The Future Perfect (Futur II)

When discussing long-term plans, you often want to describe an action that *will have been completed* by a specific deadline. To express this, German uses the Future Perfect (*Futur II*). 

You form this tense by combining three pieces:
- A conjugated form of **werden** in the normal verb position (usually the second position).
- The **past participle** of your main verb pushed to the end of the clause.
- The infinitive helper verb **haben** (or **sein**) at the very end of the clause.

You will frequently see this tense paired with time markers like *bis* (by) or *spätestens* (at the latest) to set the deadline.

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### Using "sein" Instead of "haben"

Just like in the regular past tense (*Perfekt*), verbs that describe a change of state or a movement from one place to another require **sein** instead of *haben* as their helper verb.

In the Future Perfect, the structure is exactly the same, but you simply place the infinitive *sein* at the very end of the sentence instead of *haben*.

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Future perfect for deadlines (werde ... haben/sein)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
at the latest	spätestens
the loan	der Kredit
to pay off	abbezahlen
I will have paid off the loan in five years at the latest.	Spätestens in fünf Jahren werde ich den Kredit abbezahlt haben.
We will have paid off our house's loan while you are still studying.	Wir werden den Kredit unseres Hauses abbezahlt haben, während du noch studierst.
the debts	die Schulden
At the latest on Monday he will have paid off his debts.	Spätestens am Montag wird er seine Schulden abbezahlt haben.
to save up	ansparen
By next year we will have saved up a lot of money.	Bis zum nächsten Jahr werden wir viel Geld angespart haben.
professionally	beruflich
She will have achieved everything professionally. She is proud of that.	Sie wird beruflich alles erreicht haben. Darauf ist sie stolz.
the retirement (phase of life)	der Ruhestand
the own home	das Eigenheim
Before retirement, my brother will have paid off his own home.	Vor dem Ruhestand wird mein Bruder sein Eigenheim abbezahlt haben.
While we are still working, he will have saved up the money for retirement.	Während wir noch arbeiten, wird er das Geld für den Ruhestand angespart haben.
to emigrate	auswandern
In twenty years, they will have emigrated to Spain.	In zwanzig Jahren werden sie nach Spanien ausgewandert sein.
Will you already have emigrated while your partner stays here?	Wirst du schon ausgewandert sein, während dein Partner hier bleibt?
We will have paid off our own home. I am happy about that.	Wir werden unser Eigenheim abbezahlt haben. Darüber freue ich mich.
By retirement, he will have incurred no debts professionally.	Bis zum Ruhestand wird er beruflich keine Schulden gemacht haben.
By retirement, he will have saved up enough.	Bis zum Ruhestand wird er genug angespart haben.
the life goal	das Lebensziel
By next year, she will have reached her life goal.	Bis nächstes Jahr wird sie ihr Lebensziel erreicht haben.
the independence	die Unabhängigkeit
No matter what happens, by December we will have achieved independence.	Egal, was passiert, bis Dezember werden wir die Unabhängigkeit erreicht haben.
At some point, you will have saved up as much as me.	Irgendwann wirst du so viel angespart haben wie ich.
By next year, I will have achieved my life goal and independence.	Bis nächstes Jahr werde ich mein Lebensziel und die Unabhängigkeit erreicht haben.
the retirement provision	die Altersvorsorge
By retirement, we will have financed the retirement provision.	Bis zum Ruhestand werden wir die Altersvorsorge finanziert haben.
Many young people think about retirement provision too late.	Viele junge Leute denken zu spät an die Altersvorsorge.

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