Learn French: Ils font quelques dons à notre association. - They are making a few donations to our charity.

No! The word quelques (meaning "a few") always ends in an "s" because it is plural, but it does not change for gender. You use the exact same word in front of masculine nouns like dons (donations) and feminine nouns alike.

Since "they" are making the donations, why do we use notre (our) instead of nos?

In French, the possessive word must agree with the thing being owned, not the people who own it. Because there is only one charity in this sentence, we use the singular notre. If they were donating to multiple charities, we would use the plural nos associations.

How do we know ils font means "they are making" and not just "they make"?

French does not have a separate continuous tense like English does with "are making" or "is doing". The single present tense ils font (from the verb faire) covers both "they make" and "they are making". You just choose the one that sounds most natural in English based on the context!

Does the word association always translate to "charity"?

In contexts involving donations or volunteering, yes! In France, non-profit organizations and charities are legally and commonly called associations. While it can also mean a general club or group, making a donation (un don) to an association almost always means giving to a charity.